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1. Effects of Residue Placement on Co2 Loss in an Irrigated, No-till Corn SystemIt is well known that residue management practices that leave crop residue on the surface, such as no-till agriculture, promote soil fertility. However, the effects of such practices on carbon sequestration can be highly variable. To better understand how residue management impacts the loss of carbon through mineralization, we investigated the effects of residue location and addition on CO2 produced from residue decomposition under no-till irrigated continuous corn in Northern Colorado. ... H. Oleszak, F. Cotrufo, S. Leichty, C. Stewart |
2. Tillage and Nitrogen Rates Influenced Wheat and Sorghum ProductivityReduced tillage (RT) or no-tillage (NT) practices and reducing fallow frequency can both decrease soil losses from wind erosion and conserve soil water in the semiarid regions of the US Great Plains. This study evaluated sorghum grain yield in 2013 and wheat grain yield in 2014 and 2015 as influenced by long-term nitrogen (N) fertilizer application rates (0, 20, 40, and 60 lb N ac- 1) and tillage intensity [clean tillage (CT), RT, and NT] in dryland winter wheat–sorghum-fallow (W-S-F) c... M. Mikha |
3. Do Legume Cover Crops Help Mineralize Soil Nitrogen?Nitrogen (N) dynamic is dependent on multiple factor all of which influence in-season plant N availability. Inclusion of a cover crop can have additional impacts on N dynamic by utilizing fall residue soil N, reducing the potential of N leaching. Legume cover crops also have the potential to add additional N to the soil through N fixation. The objective of this study was to evaluate N dynamic of different cover crops (legume and nonlegume) compared to no cover... B. Chim, S. Osborne, R. Lehman |
4. Long-term Crop Rotation Impact on Soil Properties and Crop ResponseCrop rotations can be part of sustainable agriculture production by their effectiveness depends on understanding how crop rotations affect above- and below-ground crop characteristics. Objectives were to investigate crop rotation effects on shoot dry weight and root characteristics of cereal and grain legume crops at anthesis as well as on grain yield. Rotations were corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], (CS); corn-soybean-spring wheat (Triticum ... S. Osborne, R. Lehman, W. Riedell, B. Chim |
5. Inter-seeding Cover Crops Influence on Optimal Corn Nitrogen Rate in No-tillMoving from conventional to no-till with the inclusion of cover crops may change the amount and timing of nitrogen (N) provided to corn (Zea mays L.) from mineralization, which may increase or decrease needed N fertilizer to optimize corn grain yield. This study evaluated the effect of cover crop composition on corn N fertilizer requirement and corn grain yield. The effect of three cover crop treatments (no cover crop, single grass species, and grass/broadleaf mixture) on c... J. Clark, S. Osborne, P. Kovacs, R. Slaght |
6. Mixing Wheat Seed with Fertilizer in the Drill: Seedling Injury and Wheat ResponseMixing dry phosphorus fertilizer with winter wheat seed is common in Kansas to provide a starter fertilizer benefit to the crop. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of dry phosphorus (P) sources, rates and times fertilizer mixed with wheat seed, effects on early growth and overall productivity and yield of the crop. Two winter wheat studies were conducted in the 2018-2019 wheat growing season at Manhattan (Site 1) and Topeka (site 2) in Northeast Kansas. The previous crop for site... C. Weber, D. Ruiz diaz |
7. Soil Phosphorus Fractions After Long-term Fertilizer Placement in Different Kansas SoilsPhosphorus fertilizer placement can affect the long-term dynamics and forms of P, and the overall soil P pools. These changes can vary by soil type, and affect P uptake and use efficiency by crops. The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes in the labile P fractions in three Kansas soil under P fertilizer placements (broadcast versus deep band) after 10 years of crop rotation. Three field studies were conducted for 10 years from 2006 to 2015 in three different soil... M. Arruda, D. Ruiz diaz |
8. Evaluation of Cation Exchange Resin As Indicator of In-season Potassium Supply to SoybeanThe use of ion-exchange resins to measure soil nutrient availability has potential applications for fertilizer recommendations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between potassium (K) adsorption by cation exchange resins (CER) and K uptake by soybean (Glycine max) in field conditions. The study was conducted at two locations in Kansas during 2019. Two treatments were selected to evaluate the CER. Treatments included a check (0 lbs K2O acre-1) and a high K r... D. Charbonnier, D. Ruiz diaz |
9. Investigating Relationships Between Haney H3a-4 and Conventional Soil Tests for Plant Nutrients in Kansas SoilsUse of a soil test to determine fertilizer application rates requires correlation and calibration to crop yield response and/or total nutrient uptake. The Haney H3A soil test procedure has gained popularity in recent years for soil health evaluation and has been used in some circles to adjust fertilizer management practices. However, data relating this test to current soil fertility tests, relative crop yield, or total nutrient uptake are nonexistent in Kansas soils. The objective of this stu... B. Rutter, D. Ruiz diaz |
10. Long-term Forage Rotation Yields, Soil Water Use, and ProfitabilityForages are important for the region’s livestock industry and are becoming increasingly important as irrigation capacity and grain prices decrease. Forages require less water than grain crops and may allow for increasing cropping system intensification and opportunistic cropping. A study was initiated in 2012 at the Southwest Research-Extension Center near Garden City, KS, comparing several 1-, 3-, and 4-year forage rotations with no-tillage and minimum-tillage. Data presented are from ... J. Holman, A. Obour, A. Schlegel, L. Simon |
11. Long-term Cover Crop Effects on Soil Organic Carbon, Nitrogen Stocks, and Water Stable Aggregates in the Semiarid Central Great PlainsGrowing cover crops (CC) in semiarid dryland cropping systems in the central Great Plains (CGP) may provide several benefits to soil health. This study examined long-term CC management effects on soil health in a no-till winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)–fallow (WSF) cropping system in southwestern Kansas. The experimental design was a split-split-plot randomized complete block with four replications. Main plots were... L. Simon, A. Obour, J. Holman, K. Roozeboom |
12. Sulfur Uptake and Yield Response in Corn As Affected by Fertilizer Source and RateWith sulfur deficiencies being found throughout Kansas, the evaluation of sulfur fertilization and plant uptake are vital to optimize corn production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of application rates of sulfur on yield and uptake in corn. Nutrient concentrations in corn, biomass, and grain were evaluated at the Kansas River Valley Experiment Field at Rossville, Kansas in 2019. Five treatments were evaluated, including a con... T. Husa, D. Ruiz diaz |
13. Does Coal Char Reduce Ammonia Volatilization by Slowing Urea Hydrolysis in Soil?Ammonia volatilization due to urea hydrolysis begins immediately after N fertilizer applied in soil and continues up to two weeks. This process might adversely affect N availability in soil/ plant systems and reduce soil fertility and crop yields, as well as bring the negative impact in environment. Char, incomplete burning of coal combustion residue which contains up to 30% total C by weight, is hypothesized to reduce N losses from ammonia volatilization. A 21-day laboratory study was c... D. Panday, B. Maharjan |
14. Predicting Crop Yield Losses Due to Soil-water Salinity: Comparison of Traditional and Alternative ApproachesIt is estimated that 2,000 ha of cropland are taken out of production daily worldwide due to salinization and sodification. Salinity is estimated to result in economic losses of $27.3 billion U.S. dollars annually. Our project aims to jointly develop techniques for quantifying the severity of soil-water salinity and impacts on crop production on surface-irrigated fields in Pakistan’s Indus River Valley and the Lower Arkansas River Valley (LARV) in Colorado. The Fairmont Drainage Distric... A. Brown, A. Andales, T. Gates |
15. Changes in Soil Quality During the Transition from Irrigated to Dryland Cropping SystemsThe availability of irrigation water enhances crop productivity and, in turn, increases crop residue inputs and soil quality. With increased pressure on declining groundwater resources, some formerly irrigated lands are being transitioned to dryland management. However, little is known about the shifts in soil quality after conversion from irrigated to dryland cropping systems. The objective of this work was to quantify the effect of irrigation retirement on the early changes in soil quality.... A. Nunez, R. Ball, M. Schipanski |
16. Evaluating the Trade-offs of Cover Crops in Dryland Wheat Systems of the Colorado PlateauOn the semi-arid Colorado Plateau, dryland farmers are challenged by severely degraded soils and low and increasingly unreliable precipitation. Cover crops have been shown to improve soil fertility and mitigate soil erosion in many regions, but are also associated with use of limited soil moisture, a cost that could mean decreased cash crop productivity for farmers. Most literature on cover crops comes from relatively humid climates, where crop yield penalties due to cover crops may be less p... L. Eash, A. Berrada, K. Russell, S. Fonte |
17. Utilizing Long-term Organic Amendments to Improve Soil Health in Semi-arid, Grazed GrasslandsDetermining soil health changes associated with long-term land application of organic amendments, such as biosolids, is important for understanding and improving overall environmental health. In 1991, a single application of biosolids were surface applied (treatment rate: 0, 2.5, 5, 10, 21, or 30 Mg ha−1) to a semi-arid grazed grassland. In 2002, a repeated application of biosolids were surface applied at the same rate to ½ of all plots. In 2018, soil samples were obtained from 0... C. Buchanan, J. Ippolito |
18. Nutrient Partitioning Changes in the Past 30 Years of Cotton ProductionModern cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars are more compact and efficient due to optimization of genetics and changed management practices in the past 30 years. The most recent work evaluating nutrient uptake by cotton was done in early 1990s, hence a need to re-evaluate the nutrient accumulation and requirements in modern high productivity cultivars. The objective of this study was to compare the resource allocation of modern cotton cultivars (PM HS26, FM 958, and DP 1646)... I.B. Pabuayon, G. Ritchie, K. Lewis |
19. Optimizing Irrigation and Fertilizer Management in Cotton to Increase Nitrogen Use EfficiencyNitrogen (N) fertilizer is an important nutrient in cotton production, and if the optimal amount is not applied yield penalty may occur (Hutmacher et al. 2004). A more efficient application of N fertilizer based on plant N requirements, soil texture, and N availability can increase cotton yield and N-use efficiency (NUE). The main objective of this research was to determine the relationship between cotton lint yield and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) across multiple irrigation ... A. Bumguardner, T. Wheeler, K. Lewis |
20. Nitrogen Management in Conservation Systems to Increase Use Efficiency and Cotton ProductionConservation management practices like no-tillage and cover crops have the potential to reduce wind erosion and stimulate ecosystem service, but lingering doubts regarding nutrient immobilization and water usage may limit their adoption on the Texas High Plains. A study was initiated at the Agricultural Complex for Advanced Research and Extension Systems (AG-CARES) in Lamesa, TX to examine the impact of supplemental nitrogen (N) fertilization on cotton yields and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE)... J. Burke, D. Kelley, K. Lewis |
21. Conservation Management and Nitrogen Fertilization to Enhance Soil Chemical and Biological PropertiesCover crops and no-tillage are increasing in use across Texas. On the Southern High Plains (SHP) these practices are important mitigators of wind erosion and are suggested to increase soil health and other positive soil attributes. This study aimed to monitor and evaluate the soil chemical and biological changes that occur shortly after implementing conservation practices and nitrogen management strategies on the SHP. It was determined that in the short term some soil chemical and ... M. Mcdonald, P. Delaune, T. Gentry, K. Lewis |
22. Enhanced Efficiency Nitrogen Fertilizer: Coated UreaNitrogen (N) is the most common fertilizer. However, a large percentage is lost to the environment—resulting in pollution and depletion of natural resources—representing economic losses. Enhanced Efficiency Fertilizers (EEF) help mitigate these problems by reducing the time N is in forms most susceptible to loss, increasing uptake efficiency and, often, yield and/or crop quality. One example of N EEF are coated urea fertilizers, such as polymer coated urea (PCU). Research studies ... S. Fahning, B.G. Hopkins |
23. Enhanced Efficiency Phosphorus FertilizersPhosphorus (P) is essential for plants. However, first-year phosphorus fertilizer uptake by plants is low, resulting in economic and environmental impacts. Developments with P Enhanced Efficiency Fertilizer (EEF) sources show improved uptake efficiency and increased yield and/or crop quality, while reducing environmental risk. Research with EEFs (including organic acids, maleic itaconic copolymer, and struvite) all show these improvements, especially when: 1) soil test P concentrations are lo... S. Kobza, B.G. Hopkins |
24. Results from the First Year of On-farm N Rate and Timing StudiesStudies have shown over the past couple of years that utilizing sensor based nitrogen rate calculator (SBNRC) for in-season fertilizer has proven beneficial to yields and protein in the southern Great Plains. However, current SBNRC recommendations and algorithm are based upon trials conducted in central Oklahoma, rather than regionally based. The objective of the larger study is to determine if it is possible to develop a regional dependency component of SBNRC in Oklahoma. ... V. Reed, J. bigatao souza, B. Finch, B. Arnall |
25. Impact of Fertilizer Management on the Stratification of Soil Characteristics in No-tillThe increasing cost of fuel and machinery makes no-till management (NT) a good alternative for producers. With the demanding increase of production, fertilizer utilization efficiency and cycling must be evaluated to address such demand. However, the superficial input of soil amendments under NT may lead to the soil stratification of pH and nutrients and in the first six inches. Three dry-land NT long-term trials located in Perkins, OK (NT since 2005), Stillwater, OK (NT since 2010) and Lahoma... J. bigatao souza, V. Reed, B. Finch, B. Arnall |
26. Impact of Post-feekes 6 Nitrogen Application in Winter Wheat Forage ProductionProducers have options when choosing how to utilize their wheat acreage in Oklahoma. These include, grain harvest only, dual-purpose grazing and grain, and graze-out where the wheat crop is used solely for grazing cattle. Many producers take advantage of graze out wheat as a forage for cattle during the winter season. With acreages of approximately 400,000 acres of winter wheat grown for graze out production in the state of Oklahoma in 2018, many questions regarding management of wheat for gr... B. Finch, V. Reed, J. Rogers, J. bigatao souza, B. Arnall |
27. Nitrogen Fertilizer Source and Tillage Impacts on Surface and Subsoil C Under Rainfed CornSoil organic carbon (SOC) increases with organic fertilizer and the adoption of no-till. Soil organic C improves the ability of agricultural systems to mitigate and adapt to climate change. This study was conducted to determine the long-term effects of fertilizer type and tillage on profile SOC. The experimental site was a rainfed continuous corn (Zea mays L.) system with fertilizer treatments (150 lbs N a-1) of composted organic waste (OrgF), urea (MinF) and no ferti... S. Watts |
28. Nutrient Cycling Following Cover Crop Termination in Texas Cotton ProductionCover crop adoption on the Texas High Plains (THP) is severely limited compared to other agricultural regions in the U.S. Cotton producers on the THP consistently site water limitations as the primary reason for not implementing cover crops in their cropping systems. Previous research on the THP has shown that nitrogen immobilization following cover crop termination might be the most leading consequence of cover crops, not water availability. A study was initiated into existing long term... J.A. Burke, K.L. Lewis, J.L. Foster |
29. Relationship Between Plant Nitrogen and NDVI of Cotton on the Texas High PlainsNitrogen (N) is one of the most limiting factors in Texas High Plains cotton production (Bronson et al., 2001). Nitrogen build-up in cotton is near maximum for the season at first open boll, when leaf senescence begins (Li et al., 2001). Lint yield response to N is difficult to predict due to N response relying on water management and initial soil nitrate (NO3--N) (Morrow and Krieg, 1990). Normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI) is a tool that has been used to mana... A. Bumguardner, K. Lewis, G. Ritchie, K. Bronson, M. Maeda |
30. Long-Term Effects of a Large Composted Cattle Manure Application Followed by Cover Crops to Organic Dryland Winter Wheat Cropping SystemsOrganic agriculture in semi-arid environments can face several challenges in order to produce a successful crop. These include nitrogen and phosphorus deficiencies, moisture limitations, and high weed competition. Organic winter wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.)-fallow systems can be amended with composted cattle manure and with green manure from cover crops grown in the fallow phase to help increase wheat yields and quality. Cattle manure can improve soil health with t... C. Helseth, U. Norton |
31. Nitrogen Fertilizer Application and Depth of Moist Soil at Planting Affected Grain Sorghum YieldThe depth of moist soil before planting is critical for grain crop production in intensified dryland cropping systems. We investigated depth of moist soil at planting and nitrogen (N) fertilizer application rate effects on continuous grain sorghum yields on a Crete silt loam soil over 32-years in western Kansas. Treatments were four N rates (0, 20, 40 and 60 lb ac-1) in a randomized complete blocks design with four replication and depth of moist soil at planting determined with Pau... A.K. Obour, J.D. Holman, Y.M. Assefa, L.M. Simon, P. Mauler |
32. Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling in High-Elevation Hay Meadows: Understanding Processes for Improved Agroecosystem ProductivityIrrigated hay meadows are an integral, but often under-performing component of livestock operations in western rangeland ecosystems. Flood irrigation resulting in seasonal saturation, high elevation, and cool temperatures common to these systems result in concentration of organic materials near the soil surface, constraining nitrogen cycling, forage productivity and diversity. Improved understanding of nutrient cycling, soil organic matter processes, and ecosystem services of irrigated hay me... D. Adamson, J. Norton |
33. Kernza in Wyoming: Evaluating Perennial Grains to Revitalize Wyoming Dryland AgricultureKernza, a perennial grain crop harvested from intermediate wheatgrass, has the potential to provide a sustainable alternative to wheat-fallow agriculture that can build soil health. Kernza had not yet been planted in Wyoming, where the drier climate presents unique challenges yet stands to particularly benefit from the adoption of a perennial crop. From spring 2021-2024, Kernza will be grown on five farms across southeast Wyoming under a variety of management strategies. We aim to determine K... H. Rodgers, J.B. Norton, L.T. Van diepen |
34. Soil Health Comparison in Organic and Conventional Cotton-Peanut Rotations in the Texas Plains RegionOrganic farming has been increasingly adopted in the Texas High Plains (THP), but restrictions on synthetic fertilizer use may be problematic if a system cannot mineralize sufficient nutrients from organic matter breakdown to meet crop needs. Cover crops are a tool utilized by both organic and conventional producers for nutrient management, weed control and soil conservation. A one-year study was conducted in organic peanuts in Lubbock and Vernon, TX, to assess the ability of cover crop... N. Boogades, K. Lewis, T. Gentry, P. Delaune, L.M. Ellman-stortz |
35. Effect of Soil and Foliar Application of Sulfur, Magnesium, Boron, and Zinc on Root Yield and Sugar Quality in Conventional Till and No Till Sugar BeetField experiment was conducted at the Eastern Agricultural Research Center in Sidney, MT, to determine the effect of S, Mg, B, and Zn on beet yield and sugar quality under conventional and no-till system. Split-plot design was used with 3.6 x 9.1 m experimental plots and four replicates. Tillage was main plot and micronutrient fertilizer was sub-plot. Tillage treatments included conventional and no-till. Fertilizer treatments included SUL4R-PLUS® (Ca & S... C. Lim, C. Chen, C. Kowatch-carlson, B. Franck, T. Gross, R. Brown |
36. Soil Properties Affected by Grazing and Tillage of Annual ForagesNo-till (NT) management of annual crop production systems increases precipitation capture and storage. However, compaction with annual livestock grazing and the development of herbicide resistant weeds present challenges to long-term NT. An on-farm study was established in 2016 near Jetmore, KS to investigate the influence of annual tillage with a sweep plow compared to NT in a grazed continuous winter triticale production system. Forage productivity as well as weed density and soil propertie... P. Mauler, J. Holman , A. Obour , L. Simon, K. Roozeboom |
37. Evaluation of Soil Test Phosphorus Extractants and Tissue Analysis for Corn in KansasPhosphorus (P) is a critical nutrient for corn (Zea mays L.) productivity. Determining an appropriate concentration of soil test phosphorus (STP) and P tissue concentrations is a fundamental step needed to make accurate phosphorus management decisions. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship of four different STP methods (Mehlich 3, Bray 1, Bray 2, and H3A) for corn production and determine critical P tissue concentration at different growing stages. The stu... G. Roa, D. Ruiz diaz |
38. Microplastics in Sweet Corn: Polymer Coated FertilizersPolymer coated fertilizers enhance nutrient efficiency and potentially reduce environmental nutrient loss. However, heavy runoff can carry microplastics into waterways and could negatively impact aquatic or terrestrial environments (Alimi, 2018). The objective of this project is to determine the microplastics concentrations in runoff water in sweet corn (Zea mays ‘sweetness’) with various placement methods. The full factorial study design consisted of three fert... B.G. Hopkins, B.T. Geary, C.J. Seely |
39. Microplastics in Urban Landscapes: Polymer Coated FertilizersThe introduction and use of polymer coated fertilizers in urban landscapes has proven beneficial in supplying nutrients with less loss to the environment. However, these have recently come under scrutiny due to concerns with microplastics in the environment (Alimi). The objectives of this study were to determine the microplastics concentrations in runoff water in urban landscapes. The full factorial study design consisted of three fertilizer sources (Uncoated Dry and Coated Dry) with all... C.J. Seely, B.T. Geary, B.G. Hopkins |
40. Nutrient Distribution and Uptake: Homogeneous Vs. Heterogeneous Fertilizer BlendsApplication of concentrated boron (B) fertilizers is potentially a problem for crops with a narrow root cylinder as some plants may receive the B while others are not in close enough proximity. The objective of this trial was to evaluate a low concentration B fertilizer in a variety of crops. Uptake of B was measured and compared to known B sufficiency levels. Crops with a relatively narrow root cylinder diameter (Kentucky bluegrass turfgrass, onion, carrot, and alfalfa) that were fertilized ... J.D. Ioannou, B.G. Hopkins |
41. Stacking Nutrient 4Rs on Potato and WheatThe 4 Rs of nutrient management are a set of research-based guidelines for farmers to use when applying fertilizers to their crops. The aim of the 4 Rs is to improve the sustainability of major cropping systems and the environment without compromising crop yield and quality. The objective for this project is to evaluate individual and stacked 4 R management practices and how they intersect. We conducted this experiment on a Russet Burbank potato crop grown at a field near Grace, Idaho in 2020... S.H. Stapley, N.C. Hansen, M.A. Yost, E.A. Woolley, B.G. Hopkins |
42. A New Hydroponic System for Testing Mineral Nutrient Deficiencies and It's Application to SoybeansCorrelating plant tissue nutrient concentrations with visual symptoms is valuable in combating mineral nutrient deficiencies and toxicities. Due to changing climates and decreasing water supplies throughout the world, agricultural lands need to improve nutrient and water management in crops, including soybeans (Glycine max L.).Because nutrient concentrations can be easily controlled, hydroponics effectively demonstrate isolated specific nutrient related symptoms. However, many h... A.M. Lambert, S.M. Anderson, D.L. Cole, A. Haderlie, C.J. Seely, B.G. Hopkins |
43. Cover Crops in Certified Organic, Specialty Crop Food ProductionThere is a growing interest in certified organic, specialty crop food production. With a larger population demanding organic products and organic products offering a higher premium for the producer, farmers are exploring the transition to organic farming. Organic producers in southeastern Wyoming face multiple challenges in environments with high elevation, low precipitation, and have a short growing season. These challenges include management of persistent weeds, maintaining biodiversity, an... E. Moore, U. Norton |
44. In-season Nitrogen Application Method Influence on Grain Sorghum PerformanceGrain sorghum production in the United States is concentrated in the great plains. This region is prone too harsh environments that may provide opportunities for extensive N losses when relying on pre-plant N application alone. This problem may be alleviated through moving N application later in the growing season to optimize N availability when plant N uptake is most required to prevent yield loss. However, fertilizer application equipment availability may be limited for many producers in th... R.L. Sharry, B. Arnall |
45. Effects of Phosphorus and Potassium Application Timing on a Wheat Double Crop Soybean SystemThe wheat-double crop soybean system is a popular choice for Oklahoma producers, as it allows for two crops in one year, and therefore, more revenue in less time. With favorable conditions and proper management, double crop soybeans are yielding as well as full season soybeans. Weather pattern shifts over the last few years have raised the question for growers if they should invest more into the summer double crop, as there is growing potential for profit. While atte... H. Lovewell, B. Finch, R. Sharry , M. Smith, J. Souza, B. Arnall |
46. Influence of Nitrogen Rate Application on Soil Fertility in Four Long Term Experiments SitesTotal organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) are the most important components of the soil as they are key indicators of its quality and productivity. Nitrogen fertilization is an effective management practice for improving and maintaining soil fertility and enhancing crop productivity. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of different Nitrogen rate application on SOC and TN. This study was carried out in four separate long-term sites across Oklahoma State, established... M. Maatougui, B. Arnall |
47. Impact of Nitrogen Fertilizer Source and Application Date on the Yield and the Quality of Winter WheatNitrogen (N) is one of the most important and critical nutrient elements in agricultural systems, and its effect directly affects crop productivity and nutrient content. Our field studies were related to the wheat Crop. They were conducted in four locations to evaluate the effect of various Nitrogen sources (SuperU, Urea, UAN and UAN+Anvol) applied at three different times (pre, greenup and jointing). The experimental design of the four locations was randomized complete w... H. Moulay, B. Arnall |
48. Evaluation of Summer Forage Tillage Management in Winter Wheat Graze out ProductionThis is a long term study conducted in central Oklahoma evaluating management of a winter wheat graze out system. This study focuses on the impact of the implementation of a summr fallow replacement forage crop into a winter wheat graze out production system, as well as the utilization of tillage management of conventrional tillage versus no-till systems and the impacts on forage production. ... B. Finch, B. Arnall |
49. Effect of Manure Applications Compared to Commercial Fertilizer for Total Nitrogen in Dryland Winter Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.)The Magruder plots are one of the staples in research agriculture not only in Oklahoma but across the country. The historic data gathered from the Magruder Plots allows for the analysis of long term data sets in excess of 124 years of data. The Magruder treatment structure allows for the comparison of the added benefits of manure applications as compared to inorganic sources of fertilizers. Manure applications were made once every four years as a total nitrogen source compared to annual... B. Arnall, R. Singh, R. Sharry |
50. Effects of Potassium and Boron on Cotton Lint YieldThe importance of potassium (K) is numerously documented as it’s essential for photosynthesis, stomatal regulation, enzyme activation and chlorophyll development. While a majority of cotton production occurs in the southwest portion of Oklahoma, producers from south to northwest are implementing rotations of cotton and wheat. In the western portion of the state soil pH becomes increasingly alkaline [whereas areas in wheat production are predominantly acidic]. Although K becomes more ava... M. Smith, B. Arnall |
51. Increasing Winter Wheat Grain Yield By Replicating the Management Adopted in High-Yielding Commercial FieldsLarge winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) yield gaps between farmer yields and yield potential in the southern Great Plains indicate the need to improve recommendations of best management strategies to profitably bridge this gap. Many studies have been completed on individual management factors pre-determined by the individual researcher, but we are not aware of studies comparing combination of practices that producers are currently using, which would be more relevant for real-world sce... L.P. Ryan, R.P. Lollato, L. Haag, J. Holman |
52. Evaluation of Starter Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates for Grain Sorghum Production in the Southern Great PlainsNitrogen (N) is the most essential nutrient for plant growth and is often the most limiting in crop production. Timely applications of N throughout the growing season are critical to maximizing crop yield. Applying N at planting has proven to be an effective practice, giving plants accessible N early on to increase vegetative growth. Although this is commonly practiced in corn production throughout the Oklahoma and Kansas area, little research has been conducted concerning proper N starter ra... M. Thomas, B. Arnall |
53. Effect of Rate and Timing of Nitrogen Applications on Forage Sorghum Biomass YieldForage Sorghum (Sorghum-Sudan grass) is a forage crop harvested in the form of silage or dry-hay and is intended to distribute to livestock as feed. The research objective for this study is to observe how nitrogen timing plays a role in crop total biomass yield. Observations and data were collected during the 2021 growing season, with a total of two harvests allowed due to weather conditions in the area. This trial was conducted at two locations: Lake Carl Blackwell near Stillwater, Oklahoma ... B. Arnall, S. Sawatzky, S. Akin, M. Thomas, R. Singh, W.R. Raun |
54. Analysis of 10 Years of N Rate and Timing Work in Oklahoma Winter WheatThis study was conducted to determine optimum top-dress nitrogen fertilizer rate by location and environment so it may be reproduced in following years. Winter wheat was planted in different locations each year starting in 2009. Each location had a treatment structure consisting of Preplant nitrogen rates ranging from 28.02kg/ac to 224.17kg/ac and top-dress nitrogen rates ranging from 28.02kg/ac to 140.11kg/ac. When top-dressing occurred there was two plots that had sensor based rates that us... S.G. Akin, B. Arnall |
55. Can Soil Health Metrics Improve Standard Soil Fertility Recommendations?It is commonly speculated that integrating soil health (SH) testing with soil fertility (SF) testing would improve fertilizer recommendation decisions. However, quantified impacts of SH properties, specifically soil biological properties, on fertilizer demand have not been well established. The objective of this research was to explore corn (Zea mays L.) yield response to phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilization as influenced by established SF analysis and common SH me... N.R. Kitchen, J.D. Svedin, S.H. Anderson, K.S. Veum, C.R. Ransom |
56. Sugarbeet Yield Response and Nitrate Leaching As Influenced by Nitrogen Management in Semi-arid ClimateFertilizer nitrogen (N) in irrigated sugarbeet production needs to be optimized to simultaneously increase yield and reduce nitrate leaching. In addition to adjusting N rate and application timing, there are available fertilizer technologies such as controlled- or slow-release N which may be beneficial for beet yield and reducing potential nitrate leaching. However, there are limited studies assessing the effectiveness of such fertilizers for sugarbeet in a semi-arid climate. The two-year exp... D. Ghimire, B. Maharjan |
57. Acid Soil Adaptation Management in Western North Dakota with Hard Red Spring WheatHard Red Spring Wheat (HRSW) yields are decreasing due to acidic soils. No-till practices paired with heavy N use have lowered the soil pH on many acres of the Northern Great Plains. Acid soil where the pH drops below 5.5 has an impact on nutrient availability, soil microbial activity, stunted roots from aluminum (Al) toxicity and other plant/soil interactions. These areas can be improved from surface liming; however, liming can be costly. For many producers facing this issue, especially thos... R. Buetow |
58. How to Prepare a Virtual Poster for The Great Plains Soil Fertility Conference... Q. Rund, M. Tobin, L. Rund, F.B. Salihin |
59. How to Create a Virtual Poster for The Great Plains Soil Fertility Conference... Q. Rund, M. Tobin, L. Rund, I. Rund |
60. In-season Changes of Soil Mineral Nitrogen with Nitrogen Fertilizer and Nitrification Inhibitor in CornUnderstanding the role that soil mineral nitrogen (SMN) plays in the growth and productivity of corn is crucial. Nitrogen (N) demands vary during the growing season, and maintaining a sufficient amount of N in the form of ammonium (NH4+), or nitrate (NO3-) during the peak times of plant N uptake can help support high yields. The objective of this study was to assess changes and the supply of soil mineral nitrogen during the growing season in corn under field conditions in Kansas. This study w... P. Morinigo, D. Ruiz diaz |
61. Soil Test Methods and Tissue Analysis to Assess Winter Wheat Response to Sulfur Fertilizer SourcesIdentifying how winter wheat responds to sulfur (S) fertilization through the use of soil test S (STS) methods has been a challenge across Kansas soils. The objective of this study was to evaluate soil test extraction methods for S as well as plant S nutritional status using different S fertilizer sources and rates. Sulfur response trials were established at 24 Kansas locations during two years (2019 and 2020). Fertilizer rate treatments included a control wit... D. Ruiz diaz, C. Weber |
62. Evaluation of Mehlich-3 for Determination of Cation Exchange Capacity in Kansas SoilsSoil testing laboratories across the United States have implemented the Mehlich-3 (M3) extraction method for phosphorus (P) and other nutrients. Though M3 is known to work well as a multinutrient extractant, it raises concerns for measuring exchangeable cations, particularly in calcareous soils. The objectives of this study were (a) to evaluate M3 as an extractant for base cations for Kansas soils, (b) to identify a range of soil pH where M3 may be a suitable replacement for ammonium ace... B. Rutter, D. Ruiz diaz |
63. Evaluation of N Source in No-till Winter WheatNitrogen (N) source efficacy is dependent upon product used, application timing, and the condition of the environment in which it is placed. This study serves to look at how different N sources can be affected across different regions of Oklahoma, specifically in a heavy residue, no-till environment. N sources that were included in the study were Urea, Urea-Ammonium Nitrate (UAN), UAN + Anvol, and SuperU. The N sources were evaluated across nine site-years (SY) where each product had fou... J. Derrick, B. Arnall, M. Smith, J. bigatao souza |
64. Soil Microbes Are Critical to Maintaining Soil Fertility in the Great PlainsSoil in the Great Plains is known to be susceptible to wind and water erosion due to moisture deficits throughout the region that limit soil organic matter (SOM) accumulation that helps form stable soil structure. Conservation management practices like reduced tillage are emphasized to maintain SOM that provides habitat for soil microbes to perform ecosystem services related to nutrient cycling and soil aggregation to increase resistance to erosion and maintain fertile topsoil. Soils under lo... W. Roper, V. Acosta-martinez, J. Moore, M. Mikha, D.K. Manter, C.E. Stewart, R.M. Lehman, M.A. Liebig, V.L. Jin |
65. Nitrogen Fertilizer and Rhizobium Combinations to Improve Yield and Quality of Mung Bean and Adzuki Bean in MontanaMung bean and adzuki bean are new alternative grain legumes that may be grown in Montana and provide benefits to Montana’s cropping systems by improving long-term diversification and productivity. The objective of this study was to investigate mung bean and adzuki bean response to nitrogen fertilizer and rhizobium combinations to determine the optimum fertilizer management. Two adzuki bean (Organic and O.R varieties) and two mung bean (Organic and L.N varieties) cultivars were grown und... M. Etesami, F. Etemadi, T. Gross, B. Franck, C. Chen, C. Kowatch-carlson, S. Franck |
66. Agronomic Evaluation of Camelina Genotypes Selected for Yield, Oil Concentration, and NUEIn recent years, camelina (Camelina sativa L.) has received global recognition for its role as a biofuel crop and multipurpose addition to cereal-based farming systems in the Northern Great Plains (NGP). The present study objected to investigative the response of selected camelina cultivars, line 229, line 35, line 53, Suneson, and Check1 to nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) inputs in terms of biomass, yield, seed oil content, and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) at five nitrogen (N) rates, r... M. Etesami, C. Chen, B. Franck, S. Franck, C. Lu |
67. Crop Production and Soil Property Impacts of Integrating Annual Forages and Ruminant Livestock into Wheat-based Cropping SystemsIntensifying dryland cropping systems with annual forages and integrating ruminant livestock have the potential to increase profitability, increase water use efficiency, and improve soil health. The objective of this study was to determine the crop yield and soil property impacts of intensifying the traditional no-till winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor Moench)-fallow (W-GS-F) cropping system with annual forages as well as integrating ruminant... Z. Carson, A. Obour, K. Roozeboom, J. Holman |
68. Effect of Seeding Rate on Annual Warm Season Forage Yield and Plant StructureDue to the decline of the Ogallala Aquifer and reduced irrigation capacity, there is growing interest in more water-efficient cropping systems in the semi-arid central Great Plains. To support the region’s livestock industry, there is increased interest in forages because they use water more efficiently than grain crops. However, there is insufficient information on summer annual forage seeding rates in the range of environments encountered in the region. The objective of this study was... J. Holman, N. Detter, A. Obour, P. Tamea |
69. The Effects of Manure Applications on Cotton Yield and Soil Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the Texas High PlainsThe cost of inorganic fertilizer is continually rising, which has caused an increased interest in alternative solutions. Along with fertilizer prices increasing, carbon emissions are following the same trend. There is an upcoming demand for organic fertilizer and carbon research. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of various manure applications on crop growth and greenhouse gas emissions in three different cropping systems in the Texas High Plains. The no-tillage cropping sys... T. Roberts, K. Lewis |
70. Summer Annual Legumes: Yield Potential and Water UseDue to the decline of the Ogalla Aquifer and reduced irrigation capacity, there is a growing interest in more water-efficient cropping systems in the semi-arid central Great Plains. One of the most water-intense crops grown on the semi-arid central Great Plains is alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Alfalfa is grown for its nutritive value and protein, which is highly desired by cow/calf, feed yards, and dairies of the central and southern Great Plains. The purpose of this study was to eva... J. Holman, N. Detter, A. Obour, L. Haag, K. Roozeboom |
71. Subsurface Drip Fertigation Impacts on Nutrient Uptake and Partitioning in CottonSubsurface drip irrigation (SDI) is becoming a popular option for maximizing the water use efficiency of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), especially in semi-arid environments of the Midsouth and Western United States. In the Texas High Plains where underground water resources from the Ogallala Aquifer are rapidly declining, there is increased adoption of water conservation technologies like center pivot and drip irrigation. In addition to increased water efficiency, drip irrigation allow... H.L. Valencia, J. Burke, T. Bennett, K. Lewis |
72. Temporal and Spatial Variability of Nitrogen Use Efficiency Across Landscape Positions in Southern High PlainsOptimizing nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is crucial for enhancing crop productivity, managing resources effectively, and promoting environmental sustainability. In response to the growing significance of sustainable agriculture, this research rigorously explores the temporal and spatial dynamics of NUE in the unique agroecosystem of the Southern High Plains. With a focus on precision nitrogen management tailored to the region's distinctive conditions, the study aims to provide valuable in... R. Karn, W. Guo, K. Lewis, G. Ritchie, M. Siebecker |
73. Water Use Efficiency and Soil Changes After Long-term Crop Rotation Under Limited IrrigationLong-term crop rotation intensity and diversity can affect key soil properties. In semi-arid regions, the combined factors of rotation and soil properties may also affect the overall water use efficiency from either limited irrigation or rainfall. The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in soil properties, and water use efficiency of corn grown under different rotation intensity and diversity and limited/supplemental irrigation. A field experiment was conducted over seven years in... D. Ruiz diaz, P. Garcia helguera, A. Rosa, O. Brian, K. Roozeboom |
74. Carbon and Nutrient Dynamics in Regenerative Cotton Production Systems of the Texas Southern High PlainsCarbon (C) sequestration in soil provides environmental and agronomic benefits. However, building soil C in semi-arid cotton systems is difficult due to low rainfall, low biomass production and high temperatures. Regenerative systems, which utilize practices such as cover cropping and crop rotation, can increase the amount of C input in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) production systems, but they may increase C losses via carbon dioxide (CO2) due to increased respiration from soil... N. Boogades, K. Lewis, C. Cobos, J. Burke, P. Delaune |
75. Cover Crop Termination Timing Effects on Soil and Cotton Nutrient AvailabilityCover crop termination timings can have large impacts on the amount of soil coverage, nutrient availability, and stored soil moisture in a system. Producers in semi-arid regions must gamble the possibility of increased soil infiltration and reduced soil water evaporation against the potential of decreased soil moisture; in the SHP, success is dependent on irrigation capacity and precipitation. Optimizing termination timings for semi-arid regions and in deficit-irrigation/dryland systems is cr... C. Cobos, G. Baath, J. Burke, S. Chatterjee, P. Delaune, K. Lewis |
76. Double Cropping Wheat System Effects on Soil Extracellular Enzyme Activity Related to Nitrogen and Phosphorous Cycling Across TexasConventional management of agricultural systems can threaten soil health by contributing to soil erosion, soil carbon loss, and inefficient water use in crop production. Cover crops and conservation tillage have been reported to improve soil health, but the additional planting and maintenance comes at an additional cost. Double-cropping systems have the potential to mitigate that cost by providing producers a secondary crop with an additional source of income while providing soil health benef... H. Valencia, K. Lewis, J. Foster |
77. Comparative Analysis of Different On-the-Go Soil Sensor SystemsThis study is part of the field of precision agriculture. This management mode is one of the great revolutions in the agriculture field, and it means better management of farm inputs such as fertilizers, herbicides, and seeds by applying the right amount at the right place and at the right time. Precision agriculture aims to divide the farm into management plots where each receives customized management input based on soil fertility status, landscape position, and management. also p... H. Moulay, B. Arnall, S. Phillips |
78. Evaluation of Fertility Timing for Double Crop SoybeansDouble crop soybeans (Glycine max), or soybeans following a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) crop are a popular choice for producers who are looking for a way to maintain field coverage through the summer and an opportunity to capture additional profit from their field. In Oklahoma, double crop soybeans have a lower success rate in a rain fed system due to the unpredictability of rainfall and the later planting date of the double crop soybeans. Because of this, producers traditionally treat t... R. Grant |
79. Sustainable and Resilient Cropping Systems to Mitigate Wind Erosion for the Enhancement of Human HealthIn the Texas High Plains, regenerative cropping practices in a predominantly conventional farming area can be used to prevent further depletion of topsoil by wind erosion. This loss of topsoil can cause a decrease in agricultural productivity and form dust storms that can be detrimental to human health causing a rise in hospitalizations of chronic lung damage, cardiovascular disorders, and diseases contracted by inhalation. Using regenerative farming practices, both the number and size of dus... K. Lewis, R. Babcock, J. Burke, C. Cobos |
80. Effect of Extractant pH on Exchangeable Cation Determination Using Ammonium Acetate and Mehlich-3Neutral pH ammonium acetate (1N NH4OAC, pH 7.0) is a standard soil test extractant for exchangeable cation concentrations. However, the concentrations may be artificially inflated for alkaline soils, especially those that are highly calcareous. The same effect potentially occurs with the Mehlich-3 extractant (Meh3, pH 2.5). The objective of this study was to determine the effect of pH on exchangeable base cation soil test concentrations. Soil samples from the High Plains region were ran... F. Vocasek, B. Hopkins |
81. Nitrogen Management of Cotton Following Corn in the High PlainsNitrogen (N) management in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is challenging given physiological dynamics in an indeterminate crop. Cotton performance may be harmed due not only to under fertilization of N, but also excessive fertilization. This is especially pertinent when managing cotton for earliness. Often these challenges occur in the form of delaying the onset of reproductive structures due to the crops indeterminate nature, leading to problems associated with ... R. Sharry, M. Smith, B. Arnall |
82. Preserving the Past, Nurturing the Future: Inorganic Fertilizers and the Vital Role of Phosphorus and Potassium in Native Prairie RestorationPhosphorus (P) and potassium (K) are macronutrients required to sustain plant growth and reproduction. They are commonly applied as inorganic fertilizer by farmers across the world for their crops but these nutrients are also important for the development and sustainment of native grassland systems. Much of the Great Plains region has either been used as farmland or grazing land. These practices can disturb natural nutrient cycling by removing nutrients without adequate replacement. Current l... K. Hays, B. Arnall |
83. Investigating Adsorption Capacities of Treated Sewage Byproducts for Their Potential Use As FertilizerAs the global population rapidly grows, food producers of the world are faced with the task of feeding as many as ten billion people by 2050. The current state of fertilizer use cannot support this growth, and the overuse and poor management of fertilizers has degraded soil, water, and air quality over time. The average recovery efficiency of nitrogen by crops is low, only 50% due to the fast dispersion/loss of applied fertilizers to the environment. This leaching of fertilizer often leads to... K. Coyle, L. Slaughter, C. Alvarez-pugliese, G.G. Botte, M. Siebecker |
84. Analysis of 13 Years of Nitrogen Rate and Timing Work in Oklahoma Winter WheatIn 1999, Raun and Johnson estimated that the worlds nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in cereal grains was 33%. After two decades of improvement (Omara et al, 2019) revised the prior world NUE for cereal grains to 35%. This improvement can be partially attributed to the change in producer practices of timing of nitrogen applications from an all pre-plant application to a split application of both pre-pant and in-season. The experiment that is analyzed within this study was established in 2009 wit... S. Akin, B. Arnall |
85. Influence of Irrigation Timing and Amount on Cotton Physiology and Nutrient PartitioningThis study explores the impact of varying water levels on nutrient uptake in cotton plants, known for its sensitivity to environmental conditions. Recognizing the pivotal role of water availability in agricultural productivity, the experiment employed different irrigation scenarios and assessed the efficiency of nutrient absorption in cotton under these varied circumstances. The research also focused on analyzing nutrient content in different plant tiss... K. Vargas, K. Lewis, J. Bicaldo, J. Burke |
86. Effect of Nitrogen Rate and Timing on Forage Sorghum Biomass Yield and QualityForage Sorghum is a summer annual sorghum-sudan hybrid that is a high yielding and high-quality source of feed for livestock. Forage sorghum can produce multiple biomass harvests in a single growing season, and is harvested in a silage or dry hay form. Because of the high yield of forage sorghum, this crop is a valuable choice for producers in Oklahoma and surrounding regions with heavily dominated livestock production. For such a high yielding crop nitrogen fertilizer application is extremel... S. Sawatzky, S. Phillips |
87. Evaluation of the Nutrient Requirements and Uptake Indices of Ten Modern Cotton CultivarsThis study aims to re-evaluate the partitioning patterns and nutrient uptake index of new and soon-to-be released cotton cultivars to optimize the nutrient inputs for farmers and producers. The study will be divided into two phases: Phase I will be the determination of different nutrient uptake indices of 10 modern cotton cultivars and Phase II will be the development and establishment of new fertilizer management strategies for modern cotton cultivars using the results of plant nutrient upta... J. Bicaldo, K. Lewis, G. Ritchie |
88. Investigating Soybean Response to Phosphorus with a Cover Crop and Fertilizer Combination in KansasThe soybean crop provides one of the best opportunities to include a cool season cover crop (CC) ahead of planting. This study aims to maximize phosphorus (P) use efficiency by the soybean crop by using CC planting as a window of opportunity for better P fertilizer placement and timing. Specifically, combining P fertilizer with cereal CC seeds will place the fertilizer below the soil surface and combine two operations (CC planting and fertilizer application) in one pass. Other benefits includ... J. Demarco, D. Ruiz diaz |
89. Sustainable Sufficiency: an Alternative Paradigm for Phosphorus Fertilizer ManagementSustainable, widespread adoption of conservation practices on-farm demands alignment of agronomic productivity and environmental protection goals. Phosphorus (P) fertilizer management is a critical control point for conservation P management, to reduce agricultural P loss to the environment. Phosphorus fertilizer recommendations follow either a low-P sufficiency (SF), or a higher-P build and maintain (BM) approach. Reduced P fertilizer inputs are recognized as an effective control measure to ... M. Bourns, N. Nelson, G. Roa , D. Ruiz diaz, J. Demarco |
90. Exploring Long-Term Phosphorus Management Strategies for Optimizing Crops Yields in KansasPhosphorus (P) is a crucial nutrient for sustaining crop productivity, yet its scarcity often challenges agricultural endeavors. Recognizing the essential role of P fertilization in maintaining agricultural productivity, this study takes a multi-year approach to P management. It specifically delves into the intricate dynamics of long-term P placement, evaluating its impact on crop yield under varying rates and combinations. The primary objective is to discern the most effective phosphorus fer... D. Ruiz diaz, G. Roa |
91. Recent 2-Row Malting Barley Nitrogen Rate Revision for North DakotaAs the demand of two-row malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) increases, having sound nitrogen (N) recommendations is increasingly necessary. Not only does N play a role in grain yield, but it may also significantly impact grain malting characteristics including protein, plump, and test weight. To determine the impacts N rate and N availability have on two-row malting barley, two experimental sites were established in both Spring 2020 and 2021. The experiments were organized as a rand... D. Franzen, B. Goettl |
92. Evaluation of Active Optical Sensors for Assessment of Plant N in Irrigated CornNitrogen (N) fertilizer has received attention for a long time as a potential source of ground water pollution. Considerable research has been conducted to investigate use of remote sensing for assessing plant N status to improve N use efficiency. Most of these studies have used passive type sensors which require sunlight. Clouds hinder their performance. Active type sensors provide their own illumination which means they can be used to take measure... W. Bausch, A. Halvorson |
93. In Season Crop N ManagementWe are testing a prototype high-clearance tractor configured with active crop canopy sensors, drop nozzles with electronic valves, and a variable rate controller as means to deliver in-season variable rates of liquid N fertilizer based on crop needs as an alterative to preplant uniform applications of N. The active sensor we’re evaluating is the model ACS-210 CropCircle made by Holland Scientific. It generates its own source of modulate... J. Shanahan, F. Solari, J. Schepers, D. Francis |
94. Apparent Electrical Conductivity As a Tool for Delineating Spatial Patterns in Inherent Soil PropertiesSoil properties affecting crop yield exhibit spatial variability. Apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) can be economically measured and is well correlated with many soil properties. Methods for processing ECa survey data and determining the relationship between ECa and soil properties are needed. An ECa survey was conducted on two fields and processed using the ESAP computer program. Soil samples to calibrate and validate the program were collected. An initial assessment resulted in a succe... B. Wienhold, P. Koerner |
95. Site-specific N Application – the Soil Management FactorFields within a site in North Dakota and one in Montana were investigated using variable-rate N based on zone delineation tools. Limited response was observed at either location. Closer examination of the soils within the fields showed that at the ND site, sandier, low organic matter soils might best be managed not through preplant rate, but through a top-dress or sidedress application of N, using lower rates adequate for the lower productivity of the soils. Higher organic matter, heavier tex... D. Franzen, D. Long |
96. Initial Studies on Soil Nitrogen Management, Soybean Nitrogen Relations,and Bean Leaf Beetle BiologyBean leaf beetles (Cerotoma trifurcata) are serious insect pests of soybeans (Glycine max). This study was conducted to determine if soil nitrogen (N) input treatments would impact the biology of this emerging pest species. The experiment was conducted in the soybean phase of a long-term corn/soybean rotation study near Brookings SD. Soil N input treatments were: corn fertilized for a yield goal of 8.5 Mg ha-1 (high N input), 5.3 Mg ha-1 (medium N in... W. Riedell, J. Lundgren, S. Osborne, J. Pikul jr. |
97. Nutrient Accumulation and Partitioning by Grain Corn in ManitobaHigh grain yield of corn was produced in a year with normal heat unit and precipitation accumulation without periods of heat or moisture stress. Nutrients varied not only in magnitude of uptake, but in rate, timing and partitioning within the plant. Magnitude of nutrient uptake was: K2O > N > P2O5 > Mg > Ca =S, Fe >>> Zn = Mn > B > Cu. Some nutrients were repartitioned within the plant as the cob and kernels developed... J. Heard |
98. Nutrient Accumulation and Partitioning by Potatoes in ManitobaThe purpose of this study was to document nutrient uptake and partitioning in processing potatoes. Potatoes did take up and remove considerable amounts of macro and secondary nutrients. Nutrients behaved differently in uptake pattern, partitioning in the plant and translocation within the plant. More than half the N, P, K, S and Cu were found in the tuber of the plant. The nutrients Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn were found predominantly in the leaves. B and Zn ... J. Heard |
99. Evaluation of a Preliminary Algorithm for Increasing Fertilizer Nitrogen-use Efficiency in CanolaA field experiment with canola (Brassica napus L.) was conducted at Indian Head and Scott, Saskatchewan to evaluate the effects of various nitrogen (N) management strategies on grain yield and profitability. The treatment of greatest interest was a variable rate application where we applied a reduced rate of N at seeding and determined N topdressing rates using a preliminary N application algorithm. The algorithm was used to estimate fertilizer N requirements using senso... C. Holzapfel, G. Lafond, S. Brandt, W. May, P. Bullock |
100. Making the Most of Fallow Crops – Nitrogen ManagementThe practice of summer fallowing was adopted in the drier areas of the prairies (Brown and Dark Brown Soil Zones) to conserve moisture, afford weed control, allow the soil to “rest”, i.e., mineralize N, maintain stability of crop yields, manage trash and allow for better seedbed preparation and provide a more uniform work load. This practice, however, combined with cultivation encourages wind and water erosion, water percolation and leaching losses in lighter textured s... R. Karamanos, F. Selles |
101. Is Potassium Limiting No-till Corn Yields?Potassium (K) was thought to be a limiting factor for no-till and ridge-till corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine maxL. Merr.) in a long-term tillage and crop rotation study at the Iowa State University (ISU) Agronomy and Agricultural Engineering Research Center (AERC). Our objective in this study was to compare 30 lb K2O/A broadcast, dry subsurface band or liquid surface band applications with a control (0 lb/A). The treatments were applied to the same plots each year for two years, ... D. Karlen, J. Kovar |
102. Accuracy of Quick Soil Nitrate Tests in MontanaAccurate, rapid testing of soil nitrate-N would allow producers to adjust their fertilizer rates when needed and augment their annual soil testing. This study tested the accuracy of three quick test kits on approximately 90 soils. Quick nitrate-N readings were well correlated (P<0.001) with laboratory readings. However there was a fairly high probability (~40%) of over or under estimating total soil N by at least 15 lb N/ac. In addition, regression coefficients between quick test and labor... E. Allison, C. Jones |
103. Agronomic Implications of Dairy Effluent Water ReuseNew Mexico dairies generate a waste-water stream that is often used for land application. The water contains nitrogen that must be applied according to statutory limits or can be based on agronomic considerations. However, the effluent water also contains other nutrients as well as salinity components that may have a greater impact on crop production and environmental sustainability. A survey of New Mexico dairy lagoons was done in the fall of 2003 in order to... R. Flynn |
104. Manganese Nutrition of Glyphosate-resistant and Conventional SoybeansThere is evidence to suggest that insertion of the gene that imparts glyphosate resistance in soybeans may have altered physiological processes that affect manganese (Mn) uptake and metabolism. This study was conducted in order to determine if glyphosate-resistant soybeans respond differently to applied Mn than conventional soybeans. The glyphosate-resistant soybean variety KS 4202 RR and its conventional isoline were grown on a Crete silt loam soil with a pH of 6.9 at the North Central Kansa... B. Gordon |
105. Intensive Measurements in Single Field Vs. Traditional Multi-location P Rate Studies for Localized P RecommendationsWith the advances in precision technologies over the past decade, there is more interest in individual farmers developing their own individualized research base. There are several stated advantages of individual farmers developing their own research base including; the accumulated data is from their own farm and reflects their environmental conditions, the results reflect an individual farmers cultural practices and rotations as compared to ‘average’ conditions, collecting many da... D. Leikam, J. Herman, J. Massey, L. Maddux, S. Harold |
106. Effect of Zinc Fertilizers of Varying Water Solubility on Long Term Dtpa-zn Soil TestsThere are many zinc (Zn) fertilizer products on the market and these products often vary considerably in water solubility. In general, there are two main types of granular zinc products currently being marketed - zinc sulfate and various zinc oxysulfates. While the zinc in zinc sulfate is generally all water soluble, zinc oxysulfates vary considerably in water solubility. Zinc oxysulfates are typically produced by reacting sulfuric acid with various by-product zinc oxides. Zinc oxide is very ... D. Leikam, D. Seymour |
107. Field Scale Assessment of Phosphorus Loss to Surface Waters for Planning and Regulation: P IndexesFields identified for manure application by large animal feeding operations need to be assessed for the P loss potential from the field to water bodies before March 30 2007. Many states use a phosphorus index to assess the risk of P loss. Phosphorus indices are intended to be easy to use with modest input data requirements. A P index typically considers source (site and management) and transport factors in assessing risk of P loss. A P index may be a tabular worksheet or a simple computer mod... C. Wortmann, J. Benning, C. Shapiro, D. Tarkalson |
108. The Interaction of Seed Placed and Side Banded Phosphorous with Nitrogen and Potassium Chloride Fertilizer on the Agronomic Performance of Durum WheatDeveloping knowledge on the effects of nitrogen, phosphorous, and fertilizer placement on durum yield and quality will permit durum producers to implement crop and soil fertility management strategies geared to, improving grain quality, grain protein, yield and achieving a higher grade for the grain they produce. A study was conducted examining the effect of nitrogen and phosphorous, in a two way factorial on durum yield and quality. Several extra treatments w... W. May, G. Lafond |
109. Effects of Alternative Midseason Side Dress Nitrogen Application Methods on Sugar BeetsSplit applications are an effective way to increase N use efficiency in sugar beet production. Research has shown that the efficiency of a midseason N application is greater when N is placed near the plant row than when broadcast. Comparisons of banded and broadcast midseason applications sometimes result in stark visual differences in response. More information is needed regarding the dynamics of this response and its influence on harvested yield. A study was conducted in Powell, WY under a ... S. Skalsky, W. Stevens, J. Jacobs, D. Menkhaus |
110. Changes in Extractable Phosphorus in Amended Soils During a Growing SeasonRecent studies indicate that soil extractable P and P in runoff are greatest immediately after fertilizer and manure applications. Our objective was to evaluate changes in Mehlich 3– and water– extractable P in soils amended with cattle (Bos taurus) manure and monoammonium phosphate (MAP) throughout a single growing season. Cattle manure and MAP were applied at a rate of 184 and 300 kg P ha-1, respectively, on a Pullman clay loam (Fine, mixed, superactive, thermic Torrertic Paleus... R. Schwartz, J. Bell |
111. The Effect of Manure and N Rates on Corn Yield and Salt and Nitrate Movement in the Soil Under Furrow and Drip Irrigation in the Arkansas River ValleyA field experiment was conducted at the Arkansas Valley Research Center (AVRC) in 2005 to test the effects of irrigation type and scheduling and fertilizer rate on corn yield and salts and NO3-N movement in the soil profile. Four N fertilizer rates (0, 60, 120, and 180 lb N/a) and four manure rates (10, 20, and 30 t/a) under subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) and furrow irrigation (FrI) with two irrigation scheduling regimes (full and deficit irrigation) were compared. The results show no signi... A. Berrada, A. Halvorson, M. Bartolo, J. Valliant |
112. Antibiotic Transport Via Runoff and Soil Loss from Manured FieldsPrevious research has verified the occurrence of veterinary antibiotics in manure, agricultural fields, and surface water bodies, yet little research has evaluated transport of antibiotics from agricultural fields. The objective of this project is to quantify the transportability of veterinary antibiotics from agricultural fields where manure or effluent is applied. Our hypothesis was that there would be significant differences among antibiotics in the partitioning ... J. Davis, C. Truman, S. Kim, J. Ascough ii, K. Carlson |
113. Composting Problem Wastes Produced on the Csu Campus for Later Beneficial Campus UsesColorado State University’s (CSU) Diagnostic Laboratory (DL), located at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, diagnoses the causes of animal mortality. Some of the carcasses received by the DL contain prions, the infectious agents of Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSEs.). The DL disposes of its mortalities in an alkaline digester, which destroys the infectivity of pathological organisms, including prions, after six hours. The end products of the digestion ... K. Corwin doesken, J. Davis, B. Powers |
114. Improving the Fermentation Characteristics of Corn Through Optimum N Fertilization and Hybrid SelectionEthanol processors could increase production efficiency if they had access to corn grain better suited for fermentation. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of hybrids and N fertility rates on fermentable starch content that will be used for dry-mill ethanol production. Six hybrids were grown under four N fertility levels at two locations in eastern SD. Ethanol yields increased as N fertility levels increased. Higher ethanol yields were ... G. Reicks, H. Woodard, A. Bly |
115. Irrigation System Effects on Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Under Sugarbeet and Barley in Northern Great PlainsIrrigation system may influence the growth and yields of sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) and malt barley (Hordeum vulgarisL.), amount of their residue returned to the soil, and soil C and N levels. The effect of two irrigation systems [low energy precision application (LEPA) and mid-elevation spray application (MESA)] was examined on the amount of biomass (stems + leaves) residue returned to the soil from conventional till sugarbeet (CTSB), strip till sugarbeet (STSB), and conventional... U. Sainju, R. Evans, W. Iversen |
116. The Effect of Tillage on Spring Wheat N ResponseFor economic and environmental benefits, more and more producers have adopted no-till practices in Montana, but the nitrogen (N) recommendations for various no-till crop rotation systems have not been well established. The objectives of this study were: 1) to investigate the effects of tillage, number of years of tillage, previous crop, and N input on winter wheat yield, and 2) determine the fertilizer-N needs and establish fertilizer recommendations for Montana growers to produce optimum win... C. Chen, C. Jones |
117. The Effects of Compost, Manure, and Urea on Yield and Forage Quality when Topdressed on a Perennial Forage Mix of Irrigated, Cool Season GrassesSignificant quantities of animal manures are generated by livestock and equine facilities along the Front Range in Colorado. Topdressing raw manure on perennial forage is not recommended due to high potential losses of N into the atmosphere and surface water. Composted manure contains significantly less ammonium-N than raw manure. In a 2 year study conducted to determine the effects of topdressing composted manure, raw manure and urea on the yield and forage q... K. Doesken, J. Davis, J. Brummer, T. Engle |
118. The Effectiveness of Recovered Phosphates As Fertilizer in Slightly Acidic and Alkaline Soil ConditionsRecovered magnesium phosphates such as struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O) may be useful as a method of improving phosphorus (P) cycling in municipal wastewater treatment and livestock agriculture. However, little work has been done on the re-use of recovered products, and what work has been conducted has focused on low pH soils. This study was conducted to determine if recovered struvite and recovered dittmarite (MgNH4PO4·H2O) are effective fertilizers in alkaline so... M. Massey, J. Davis, R. Sheffield |
119. Foliar Potassium Fertilization of Muskmelons: Effects on Fruit Quality and YieldSugar content, aroma and texture are key quality traits that influence consumer preference of many fruits and vegetables such as muskmelon [Cucumis melo L. (Reticulatus Group)]. These quality traits are directly related to potassium (K)-mediated processes. However, soil-derived K alone is seldom adequate to satisfy these fruit quality processes. Controlled environment studies have shown that supplemental foliar K applications can overcome this apparent de... J. Jifon, G. Lester |
120. Seedrow Nitrogen Placement GuidelinesIntroduction of no-till and direct seeding practices in the western Canadian prairies has resulted in expansion of the practice of placing N fertilizer with the seed. Almost fifty percent (49.5%) of the total seeded acres in western Canada were in no-till according to the 2006 census (Statistics Canada 2006). Greatest percentages were in Saskatchewan and Alberta, where no-till systems accounted for 60 and 48 % of the seeded area, respectively. ... R. Karamanos, J. Harapiak, N. Flore |
121. Residual Effects of Manure and N Fertilizer on Corn Yield and Soil N and P Under Drip and Furrow IrrigationA field experiment was conducted at the Arkansas Valley Research Center in 2007 to test the residual effects of two years (2005 and 2006) of manure application (10, 20, and 30 tons/acre) and N fertilizer (60, 120, and 180 lb N/acre) on corn yield, N and P uptake, and soil N03-N and P concentrations under subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) and furrow irrigation (FrI). There were no significant differences in corn yield between SDI and FrI in 2005, 2006, and 2007, even though, on avera... A. Berrada, A. Halvorson, M. Bartolo, J. Valliant |
122. Quick Test for Cation Exchange Capacity in SoilsThe objective of this study was to develop a quick method for estimating the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of soils, suitable for use in an introductory soil science laboratory, and possibly for routine soil testing. In this method, the soil is reacted with a calcium solution, such as calcium acetate, and the excess removed by filtration. The soil is then suspended in a sodium oxalate solution, and the electrical conductivity (EC) of the suspension determined. &nbs... J. Goos, B. Johnson |
123. Nutrient Uptake and Manganese Response in Conventional and Glyphosate-resistant SoybeanGlyphosate-resistant (GR) soybean cultivars are widely accepted in the United States. Glyphosate-resistant technology provides many benefits to production agriculture, yet GR soybeans may require some additional management factors in order to obtain maximum yields. The objectives of this research are to determine (i) nutrient uptake in GR and conventional (CV) soybean isogenetic lines and (ii) response of GR and CV soybean to manganese fertilization. A field study was conducted at 5 locations... J. Loecker, N. Nelson, W. Gordon, L. Maddox, K. Janssen |
124. The Use of Active Optical Sensors to Manage N Fertilization of Sorghum in KansasResearch in the Central Plains region has shown grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) to be more tolerant of water-stress than corn (Zea mays L.). As a consequence sorghum is commonly grown in the region in rotation with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and soybeans (Glycine max) in areas and soils where corn does not perform well due to regular drought stress. Sorghum yields vary widely from year to year, making traditional pre-plant, yield goal based, N reco... D. Tucker, D. Mengel |
125. Phosphorus Placement in Reduced Tillage Systems in KansasA number of questions are being raised concerning phosphorus (P) management as more producers switch to minimum or no-till (NT) systems. These tillage systems conserve moisture below the surface residue creating cooler, and potentially wetter soil conditions at planting, and stratified nutrient concentrations in the soil. The cooler temperatures can result in slower earlier season growth on crops such as corn and wheat, and P stratification can potentially reduce P uptak... K. Martin, D. Mengel |
126. Estimating Canola (Brassica Napus L.) Yield Potential and Nitrogen Requirements Using Optical SensorsOptical sensors have potential to improve our ability to match N fertilizer rates with crop requirements. Experiments with canola (Brassica napus L.) were completed to determine if normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) could be used to estimate canola yield potential (YP) and N requirements, as well as to assess if sensor-based N management for canola is feasible relative to conventional practices. Canola plots were repeatedly measured with handheld GreenSee... C. Holzapfel, G. Lafond, S. Brandt, R. Irvine, D. James, M. Morrison, W. May, P. Bullock |
127. Nitrogen Mineralization Rate of Animal Manure Across Productivity Level Management ZonesAccurate quantification of Nitrogen (N) mineralization in manure from different productivity level management zones (MZs) could result in efficient and safe utilization of manure as N fertilizer. Soil characteristics and crop responses change between different MZs and the loss of N and other nutrients into the environment can occur when the supply of soil nutrients by animal manure and other sources exceeds the demand by crops. The objective of this study was to compare nitrogen mineralizatio... M. Moshia, R. Khosla, D. Westfall, J. Davis, R. Reich |
128. Meeting Demand with a New Interdisciplinary Program in Organic AgricultureOrganic food and fiber production without the use of synthetic pesticides or chemical fertilizers is the fastest-growing sector of the agricultural industry, fueled by consumer demand. The Interdisciplinary Studies Program in Organic Agriculture at Colorado State University provides a unique opportunity to study the science of organic production. Our program builds on a base of fundamental agricultural sciences with additional courses on organic agricultural methods, management and marketing.... A. Elliott, F. Stonaker, J. Davis, H. Hughes |
129. Microbial Communities and C Cycling Under Deficit-irrigated MaizeGrowing urban population, declining groundwater levels, and drought are factors leading to reduced water quantities for irrigated land in the semiarid western U.S. Developing sustainable limited irrigation systems necessitates an understanding of how reduced water availability affects soil microbial processes and ecological interactions critical to crop productivity and soil conservation. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of deficit-irrigated maize cropping s... M. Stromberger, K. Coffin, N. Hansen |
130. Land Application of Anaerobically Digested Biosolids in Usepa Region 8Most municipal wastewater in USEPA Region 8 (covering the states of CO, MT, ND, SD, UT, and WY) flows through facilities where the sludge is treated using anaerobic digestion in order to meet pathogen reduction and vector attractiveness requirements. Tracking the application of anaerobically digested biosolids is an important step in determining the fate of carbon, nutrients, and potential contaminants from this widely used biosolids treatment process. The biosolids appl... R. Brobst, M. Massey, W. Kennedy, L. Shanklin |
131. Validation of the Pre-sidedress Nitrate Test for Poultry Manured Corn FieldsPrevious research in northeastern Colorado has shown that the critical Pre-sidedress Nitrate Test (PSNT) level to obtain optimum corn (Zea mays L.) grain yields without applying additional sidedress N on non-manured fields is 15 mg kg-1 nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N). This study was conducted to determine if the critical PSNT level of NO3-N identified for non-manured corn fields would also apply to those fields receiving an organic N source before planting. The effect of PSNT levels... T. Bauder, D. Quarles, R. Pearson, S. Van wychen |
132. A Historical Yield Performance in Western KansasA primary objective in Agronomy is to increase crop yields through improved varieties/hybrids and production practices. Crop variety/hybrid performance tests of irrigated corn, irrigated wheat, dryland wheat, irrigated grain sorghum, dryland grain sorghum, and irrigated soybeans were conducted at the Southwest Research Extension center in Garden City, Kansas annually over the last 50 years. For each crop, the varieties/hybrids yields were averaged for each year from 1956 through 2006. These t... J. Holman, C. Thompson, A. Schlegel |
133. Dryland Corn Yield and Water Use Affected by Seeding Rate and Row ConfigurationAn established cattle market in the Northern Great Plains (NGP) creates a demand for feed grains including corn grain and silage. However, dryland corn production is hampered by the risk of crop failure due to drought conditions. Altering the row configuration and seeding rate have reduced the risk of yield loss in other areas, but these typically receive greater rainfall than the average 12-14 in annual precipitation of the NGP. A study was initiated in 2007 ... B. Allen |
134. Nitrogen Recalibration for Wheat in North DakotaThe general formula for determining N fertilizer rate in North Dakota for about thirty-five years has been N-rate = (2.5 X Yield Potential (or Yield Goal) less credits from previous crops and soil test nitrate-N from a 2-foot soil core composite. Historically high fertilizer N costs and the ability to fertilize within fields rather than whole field N management has resulted in a reexamination of N calibration data, and an effort to expand the modern N calibration database with new f... D. Franzen, G. Endres, K. Mckay, J. Lukach, R. Ashley |
135. Wheat Roots and Residue Effects on Soil Aggregation and CarbonCrop residues have been identified for a number of off-field uses. Poor understanding of the role of crop residues in key soil processes limits our ability to predict sustainable crop residue removal rates. A study was conducted to compare aggregate size distribution, aggregate stability, and soil organic carbon fractions in the 0 to 3 inch depth of soils receiving surface residue and roots, surface residue only, roots only, or no residue for five years. Aggregate size distribution was simila... B. Wienhold, W. Wilhelm |
136. Copper and Zinc Fertilization in Winter WheatCopper and zinc applications have recently been sited as a possible management practice to improve wheat production on the Great Plains. Copper deficiency has been observed on wheat planted into peat soils, whereas wheat sensitivity to zinc deficiency is rated as low. To determine whether winter wheat in Kansas may benefit from copper and zinc, a multi-site study was set-up to determine if a 1 lb/a application applied prior to jointing is beneficial to yield. ... B. Olson, K. Leikam, M. Claassen |