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1. A Brief History of the Great Plains Soil Fertility ConferenceThe Great Plains Soil Fertility Conference began in 1980 as the Great Plains Soil Fertility Workshop at the Denver Sheraton Hotel on Quebec in Denver, CO. This Workshop was patterned off the successful North Central Extension Industry Soil Fertility Workshop which had been in existence since 1971. Several companies provided some initial funding to get the project off and running. The objectives of the Workshop/Conference were to bring together researchers and i... L. Murphy |
2. Accounting for Nitrogen from Often Overlooked SourcesImproving nitrogen use efficiency has long been a goal of both researchers and producers. With increasing interest and adoption of regenerative agricultural practices, fertility strategies can change from traditional methods. However, changes in strategies are often not considered when adopting new practices. The goal of this presentation is to discuss potential sources of nitrogen that are often overlooked when developing nitrogen management strategies. For example, legume cover crops or rot... P. Delaune |
3. Advancements in Nitrogen and Potassium Fertilizer Recommendations in North Dakota Over the Past 30 YearsBeginning my career at NDSU as Extension Soil Specialist June 13, 1994, I inherited the obligation of periodically revisiting crop nutrient recommendations and determining whether adjustments were needed. The state of the state in 1994 was composite soil sampling, a dominantly wheat-based cropping system, and yield-goal-based fertilizer recommendations. First addressing site-specific soil sampling, I was surprised to find that zone soil sampling was an excellent predictor of residual nitrate ... D. Franzen |
4. Advancing Precision Nitrogen Management in Agriculture: a Multifaceted ApproachAdvancing precision nitrogen management in agriculture involves achieving a balance between maximizing crop yield and minimizing environmental impact. Traditional nitrogen management approaches often lead to inefficiencies, contributing to environmental issues such as nitrous oxide emissions and nitrogen runoff. Significant challenges persist in quantifying factors influencing nitrogen dynamics in the soil-plant-atmosphere system, including landscape positions, soil properties, weather patter... W. Guo, R. Karn, K. Lewis |
5. Agronomic Evaluation of Camelina Genotypes Selected for Yield, Oil Concentration, and NUEIn recent years, camelina (Camelina sativa L.) has received global recognition for its role as a biofuel crop and multipurpose addition to cereal-based farming systems in the Northern Great Plains (NGP). The present study objected to investigative the response of selected camelina cultivars, line 229, line 35, line 53, Suneson, and Check1 to nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) inputs in terms of biomass, yield, seed oil content, and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) at five nitrogen (N) rates, r... M. Etesami, C. Chen, B. Franck, S. Franck, C. Lu |
6. Analysis of 13 Years of Nitrogen Rate and Timing Work in Oklahoma Winter WheatIn 1999, Raun and Johnson estimated that the worlds nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in cereal grains was 33%. After two decades of improvement (Omara et al, 2019) revised the prior world NUE for cereal grains to 35%. This improvement can be partially attributed to the change in producer practices of timing of nitrogen applications from an all pre-plant application to a split application of both pre-pant and in-season. The experiment that is analyzed within this study was established in 2009 wit... S. Akin, B. Arnall |
7. Assessing Corn Response to Cover Crops and Nitrogen Fertilization in a No –Till, Three-year Rotation in Northeast KansasAs industry initiatives and government programs begin funding and incentivizing climate-smart agricultural practices, more farmers in the great plains region may be interested in incorporating cover crops into their rotations. Annual yield data can aid in understanding how cover crops impact cash crop productivity in this region. A long-term cover crop experiment in northeast Kansas was established in 2007 based on a wheat – corn – soybean rotation to determinate th... A. Correira, J. Grunberg, P. Tomlinson, K. Roozeboom, D. Presley |
8. Banded P Placement for Sugarbeets in Calcareous SoilPhosphorus (P) is an essential element for sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris) nutrition. Soils in the Western US tend to be calcareous and alkaline, resulting in low P solubility. Sugarbeets have difficulty exploiting soluble P in surface soil due to its tap root system. Research in the North- Central US supports P applied in a band in contact with the seed or below the seed for best results. However, grower concerns about germination problems and seedling vigor have prevented adaptation of these tech... B. Hopkins, J. Ellsworth |
9. Banding 10-34-0 on Sugar BeetsField experiments were conducted over 10 site-years in the Red River Valley of Minnesota on various soil types that tested low in available P. The objectives were to evaluate sugar beet yield response to liquid 10-34-0 and dry 11-52-0 fertilizer banded in-furrow with the seed at planting and to compare those responses to that of phosphorus (P) fertilizer rates broadcast and incorporated prior to planting. Treatments had no effect on net sucrose concentration in the root ... A. Sims, L. Smith |
10. Carbon and Nutrient Dynamics in Regenerative Cotton Production Systems of the Texas Southern High PlainsCarbon (C) sequestration in soil provides environmental and agronomic benefits. However, building soil C in semi-arid cotton systems is difficult due to low rainfall, low biomass production and high temperatures. Regenerative systems, which utilize practices such as cover cropping and crop rotation, can increase the amount of C input in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) production systems, but they may increase C losses via carbon dioxide (CO2) due to increased respiration from soil... N. Boogades, K. Lewis, C. Cobos, J. Burke, P. Delaune |
11. Carbon Budget in Dryland Agroecosystems After 12 Years in No-till As Affected by Climate Gradient, Slope Position, and Cropping IntensityBecause available soil water is the most limiting factor in dryland cropping systems in the central Great Plains, summer fallow was implemented to stabilize production by storing two years of soil water for one year’s crop. The traditional dryland cropping system consists of conventional tillage management of a crop-fallow rotation which produced one crop every two years. In order for the fallow period to successfully store soil water, weeds and volunteer plants ne... L. Sherrod, G. Peterson, D. Westfall, L. Ahuja |
12. Chloride Fertility: Small Grain Variety and Disease ResponsesFor spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), chloride fertilizer added to low chloride-testing soil results in a positive yield gain 70 % of the time. Some, but not all, of these yield responses have been attributed to chloride interaction with disease susceptibility. Because soil fertility and disease suppression are among the most important management tools used by farmers, additional research on the interaction between chloride fertility and disease suppression is ne... W. Riedell, L. Osborne, S. Osborne |
13. Chloride Response of Corn and Grain SorghumResearch in several states in the United States and in Canada has documented positive small grain responses to chloride (Cl) fertilization, yet little research has been done on corn or grain sorghum. Field research was conducted in Kansas evaluating Cl fertilization on corn and grain sorghum. Chloride rates and sources were evaluated at several farmer-cooperator sites. Corn and grain sorghum yields were consistently increased with Cl fertilization when soil Cl... R. Lamond, K. Rector, C. Godsey, L. Ferdinand |
14. Combined Nitrogen with Magnesium or Zinc Effects on Sugarbeet Yield Sucrose Concentration, and Nutrient Uptake Under Conventional and No-till SystemsSugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is an important cash crop in the Lower Yellowstone River valley. Fertility, especially nitrogen (N) fertilizer, management is critical for sugar beet yield and sucrose concentration. While farmers are switching from a conventional tillage method to a no-till system for sugar beet cultivation, nitrogen (N) fertilizer application timing might need to be adjusted. Furthermore, micronutrients may enhance sugar beet yield and sucrose concentration. A tw... C. Chen, M. Etesami, M. Abdelhamid |
15. Comparative Analysis of Different On-the-Go Soil Sensor SystemsThis study is part of the field of precision agriculture. This management mode is one of the great revolutions in the agriculture field, and it means better management of farm inputs such as fertilizers, herbicides, and seeds by applying the right amount at the right place and at the right time. Precision agriculture aims to divide the farm into management plots where each receives customized management input based on soil fertility status, landscape position, and management. also p... H. Moulay, B. Arnall, S. Phillips |
16. Comparative Analysis of Resource Partitioning and Nutrient Uptake Efficiencies in Modern Cotton CultivarsUnderstanding the complex process of resource partitioning within the plant provides prospects to develop new crop improvement strategies for varying environmental factors and agronomic practices. In upland cotton, the partitioning of dry matter is as crucially important as that of macronutrients and micronutrients in improving productivity. This presentation highlights research works pertaining to the changes in macronutrient and micronutrient uptake and partitioning alongside the remar... I. Pabuayon, K. Lewis, G. Ritchie |
17. Comparison of Annual and Multi-year N-based and P-based Manure ApplicationsThis 4-yr study (2000-2003) compares beef manure application strategies in their impact on soil and plant nutrient concentrations and nutrient runoff and leaching. The treatments were a fertilizer control, annual N-based manure application, N-based applied every other year, annual P-based, P-based applied every other year, and P-based applied once every four years. By the third year of the study, soil test P levels in the soil surface reflected the amount of P2O5applied ... J. Davis, C. Truman, K. Iversen, K. Doesken |
18. Comparison of Multi-spectral Analog and Imaging Systems for Assessing Plant Nitrogen Status in Irrigated CornUniform applications of nitrogen (N) across a field may result in over fertilization in some areas as well as under fertilization in others. Farmers, consultants, and other end users need rapid, robust techniques to spatially and temporally assess a crop’s N status in order to apply N “as needed” and “where needed”. The objective of this research was to compare the differences in response of a radiometer system and an imaging system for asse... W. Bausch |
19. Composted Manure Impacts on Organic Wheat Production in the Northern Great PlainsMontana leads the nation in organic production of small-grain crops including wheat (Triticum spp.). A major challenge faced by dryland farmers when growing wheat organically is supplying adequate N for optimum wheat yield and quality. A onetime application of composted manure at four rates (0, 5.6, 11, and 22 tons/acre) vs. annual applications of urea based on soil test results when growing wheat in wheat/fallow and wheat + biennial sweetclover [(Melilotus officinalis&... P. Carr, M.M. Volkman |
20. Cover Crop Termination Timing Effects on Soil and Cotton Nutrient AvailabilityCover crop termination timings can have large impacts on the amount of soil coverage, nutrient availability, and stored soil moisture in a system. Producers in semi-arid regions must gamble the possibility of increased soil infiltration and reduced soil water evaporation against the potential of decreased soil moisture; in the SHP, success is dependent on irrigation capacity and precipitation. Optimizing termination timings for semi-arid regions and in deficit-irrigation/dryland systems is cr... C. Cobos, G. Baath, J. Burke, S. Chatterjee, P. Delaune, K. Lewis |
21. Cover Crops in Semi-arid Dryland Winter Wheat (Triticum Aestivum, L.) Fallow Rotation, a Farmer Collaboration StudyWinter wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.) (WW) is a primary dryland crop in semi-arid southeastern Wyoming. Incorporating cover crops (CC) to a WW-fallow rotation can help improve soil health. Local producers have been exploring the possibilities of using CC, but little is known about the CC impacts on soil moisture, plant available nitrogen (N) and competition with weeds in this region. A collaborative study with two dryland organic WW producers was launched in 2020. FARM 1 was planted to a CC mi... E. Moore, U. Norton |
22. Crop Production and Soil Property Impacts of Integrating Annual Forages and Ruminant Livestock into Wheat-based Cropping SystemsIntensifying dryland cropping systems with annual forages and integrating ruminant livestock have the potential to increase profitability, increase water use efficiency, and improve soil health. The objective of this study was to determine the crop yield and soil property impacts of intensifying the traditional no-till winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor Moench)-fallow (W-GS-F) cropping system with annual forages as well as integrating ruminant... Z. Carson, A. Obour, K. Roozeboom, J. Holman |
23. Developing Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertigation Strategies in CottonSubsurface drip irrigation (SDI) is becoming a popular option for maximizing the water use efficiency of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), especially in semi-arid environments of the Midsouth and Western United States. In the Texas High Plains where underground water resources from the Ogallala Aquifer are rapidly declining, there is increased adoption of water conservation technologies like center pivot and drip irrigation. In addition to increased water efficiency, drip irrigation allow... K. Lewis, H. Valencia, T. Roberts, J. Burke, G. Ritchie |
24. Developing, Delineating, and Managing Production Level Nutrient Management ZonesGrid soil sampling has been used to develop nutrient maps to guide precision fertilizer applications since the inception of precision agriculture. However, the cost and labor associated with collection and analysis of soil samples to accurately describe spatial properties of fields can be prohibitive for most agronomic crops. As a result of these limitations, much interest is now being directed to the use of production level “management zones” (MZ) to allow i... W. Gangloff, D. Westfall, R. Khosla, T. Shaver, H. Farahani |
25. Development and Use of the Soil Management Assessment FrameworkSoils perform a number of critical functions essential to productivity and environmental quality. Management practices affect these soil functions. However, spatial and temporal variation and the slow rate of change in many soil properties make it difficult to assess the effects of management on soil functions. Tools are needed to assist managers in making assessments of the effect their management practices are having on the soil resource. The Soil... B. Wienhold, S. Andrews |
26. Dissolution of Granular Fertilizers and Diffusion/lability of P from Fluid and Granular Fertilizers in Alkaline and Calcareous Soils of Southern AustraliaUnlike many soils in Europe and North America, many Australian soils are still responsive to additions of P fertilizer, especially alkaline and/or calcareous soils that dominate the low rainfall zone of southern Australia. Poor responses to granular fertilizers in these areas have recently stimulated a swing by grain growers towards the use of fluid formulations, often resulting in significant yield responses. Laboratory experiments examining P diffusion were undertaken ... E. Lombi, M. Mclaughlin, C. Johnston, T. Mcbeath, S. Stacey, R. Armstrong, R. Holloway |
27. Double Cropping Wheat System Effects on Soil Extracellular Enzyme Activity Related to Nitrogen and Phosphorous Cycling Across TexasConventional management of agricultural systems can threaten soil health by contributing to soil erosion, soil carbon loss, and inefficient water use in crop production. Cover crops and conservation tillage have been reported to improve soil health, but the additional planting and maintenance comes at an additional cost. Double-cropping systems have the potential to mitigate that cost by providing producers a secondary crop with an additional source of income while providing soil health benef... H. Valencia, K. Lewis, J. Foster |
28. Dual-purpose Cover Crop and Occasional Tillage Effects on Crop Yields and Soil Properties in a No-tillage Wheat-sorghum-fallow RotationReplacing fallow with dual-purpose cover crops (CCs) could enhance soil health and increase cropping system profitability when CCs are grazed or hayed. Grazing and/or haying CCs can provide an economic benefit to offset potential lost revenue when grain crop yields are decreased after CCs in dry years. However, producers are concerned about the potential for root-limiting soil compaction following grazing on no-till (NT) fields, which could limit subsequent grain crop yields and require tilla... L. Simon, A. Obour, J. Holman, S.K. Johnson, K. Roozeboom |
29. Economics of Variable-rate N Management on CornOver the past several years’ growers have begun to adopt and implement the use of precision farming technologies. Growers and practicing consultants continue to question the profitability of this technology. No data currently exists in the Western Great Plains region demonstrating the economic feasibility of precision farming technology. The objective of this study was to assess the economics of uniform versus variable-rate nitrogen (N) fertilizer applic... R. Khosla, B. Koch, D. Westfall, M. Frasier |
30. Effect of Extractant pH on Exchangeable Cation Determination Using Ammonium Acetate and Mehlich-3Neutral pH ammonium acetate (1N NH4OAC, pH 7.0) is a standard soil test extractant for exchangeable cation concentrations. However, the concentrations may be artificially inflated for alkaline soils, especially those that are highly calcareous. The same effect potentially occurs with the Mehlich-3 extractant (Meh3, pH 2.5). The objective of this study was to determine the effect of pH on exchangeable base cation soil test concentrations. Soil samples from the High Plains region were ran... F. Vocasek, B. Hopkins |
31. Effect of Nitrogen Rate and Timing of Application on Stockpiled BermudagrassFeeding hay through the winter contributes a large portion of the costs associated with cow-calf production. Forage management strategies to lengthen the grazing season and reduce hay consumption would be beneficial in increasing profitability. Stockpiling bermudagrass for livestock consumption in late fall and winter has not been thoroughly evaluated in southern Oklahoma. This study was initiated at Burneyville, Oklahoma in 2000 to determine the effect of N rate and timing of appl... J. Ball, W. Thomason, F. Motal, S. Norton |
32. Effect of Nitrogen Rate and Timing on Forage Sorghum Biomass Yield and QualityForage Sorghum is a summer annual sorghum-sudan hybrid that is a high yielding and high-quality source of feed for livestock. Forage sorghum can produce multiple biomass harvests in a single growing season, and is harvested in a silage or dry hay form. Because of the high yield of forage sorghum, this crop is a valuable choice for producers in Oklahoma and surrounding regions with heavily dominated livestock production. For such a high yielding crop nitrogen fertilizer application is extremel... S. Sawatzky, S. Phillips |
33. Effect of Phosphorus Rates on Bermudagrass Yields in Three Southern Oklahoma Locations in 2002-2003Small plot research tests were established on cooperating farmers’ fields in three south central Oklahoma locations in 2002 and continued in 2003. These included a Weatherford soil testing low in extractable P (Mehlich 3), a Port soil testing low in P and a Lela soil testing high in P. Rates of applied P fertilizer were 0, 25, 50, 75, 100 and 200 lbs of P2O5per acre. There were 4 replications of each rate. All plots received 200 lbs N and 120 ... E. Funderburg, D. Annis |
34. Effect of Seeding Rate on Annual Warm Season Forage Yield and Plant StructureDue to the decline of the Ogallala Aquifer and reduced irrigation capacity, there is growing interest in more water-efficient cropping systems in the semi-arid central Great Plains. To support the region’s livestock industry, there is increased interest in forages because they use water more efficiently than grain crops. However, there is insufficient information on summer annual forage seeding rates in the range of environments encountered in the region. The objective of this study was... J. Holman, N. Detter, A. Obour, P. Tamea |
35. Effect of Starter Nitrogen Fertilizer on Nitrogen Fixation of Soybeans in the Northern Great PlainsEnvironmental conditions at the time soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) are planted in the northern Great Plains are such that nitrogen (N) fixation may not occur immediately, therefore additions of N as starter fertilizer may increase initial growth of soybeans and possibly increase yield and quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the response of soybeans to low rates of N applied at planting. A field experiment was established within a two-year corn... S. Osborne, W. Riedell |
36. Effects of Fertilizer Nitrogen Management on Biomass, Oil, and Nitrous Oxide Emissions in Peppermint in Nebraska PanhandlePeppermint (Mentha pipperita) is an aromatic perennial herb that contains aromatic oil, primarily menthol. Irrigated peppermint production requires large nitrogen (N) input, which is often higher than for irrigated corn. Therefore, if not managed properly, mint production has a high potential for N losses, including nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. Nitrous oxide is a major greenhouse gas and the most important ozone-depleting emission. Increasing N2O emissions fro... B. Maharjan, S. Desilva |
37. Evaluation of Fertility Timing for Double Crop SoybeansDouble crop soybeans (Glycine max), or soybeans following a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) crop are a popular choice for producers who are looking for a way to maintain field coverage through the summer and an opportunity to capture additional profit from their field. In Oklahoma, double crop soybeans have a lower success rate in a rain fed system due to the unpredictability of rainfall and the later planting date of the double crop soybeans. Because of this, producers traditionally treat t... R. Grant |
38. Evaluation of N Source in No-till Winter WheatNitrogen (N) source efficacy is dependent upon product used, application timing, and the condition of the environment in which it is placed. This study serves to look at how different N sources can be affected across different regions of Oklahoma, specifically in a heavy residue, no-till environment. N sources that were included in the study were Urea, Urea-Ammonium Nitrate (UAN), UAN + Anvol, and SuperU. The N sources were evaluated across nine site-years (SY) where each product had fou... J. Derrick, B. Arnall, M. Smith, J. bigatao souza |
39. Evaluation of the Nutrient Requirements and Uptake Indices of Ten Modern Cotton CultivarsThis study aims to re-evaluate the partitioning patterns and nutrient uptake index of new and soon-to-be released cotton cultivars to optimize the nutrient inputs for farmers and producers. The study will be divided into two phases: Phase I will be the determination of different nutrient uptake indices of 10 modern cotton cultivars and Phase II will be the development and establishment of new fertilizer management strategies for modern cotton cultivars using the results of plant nutrient upta... J. Bicaldo, K. Lewis, G. Ritchie |
40. Experience with Using the Sikora-2 Soil/buffer pH Method in the Great PlainsThe acreage of acidic soils in the Great Plains continues to increase from long-term cropping and fertilizer nitrogen use. Acidic soils developed initially in dryland fields and/or in areas dominated by sandy soils, but are now relatively common in irrigated systems and finer-textured soils. A typical method used in the Great Plains states had been to determine soil pH in a 1:1 soil:water slurry and, when required, to determine exchangeable acidity using the SMP buffer solution. The buffer pH... F. Vocasek, S. Harrold |
41. Exploring Long-Term Phosphorus Management Strategies for Optimizing Crops Yields in KansasPhosphorus (P) is a crucial nutrient for sustaining crop productivity, yet its scarcity often challenges agricultural endeavors. Recognizing the essential role of P fertilization in maintaining agricultural productivity, this study takes a multi-year approach to P management. It specifically delves into the intricate dynamics of long-term P placement, evaluating its impact on crop yield under varying rates and combinations. The primary objective is to discern the most effective phosphorus fer... D. Ruiz diaz, G. Roa |
42. Fertility Management for the Pulse-based Cropping Systems in the Semiarid Northern Great PlainsAnnual crop production of the semiarid Northern Great Plains has historically been dominated by cereals, chiefly spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and durum wheat (Triticum turgidum var durum). Low prices for cereal grains, coupled with increasing production problems in wheat- based monoculture systems, are encouraging producers to seek alternative to cereals. In the past two decades, the area devoted to production of annual pulse crops has increased significantly in the semi... Y. Gan, B. Mcconkey, G. Clayton, G. Lafond, F. Walley |
43. Fertilizer Management for Strip-till and No-till Corn ProductionStrip-tillage for corn production can be advantageous over no-till, particularly in areas with heavy soils and high rainfall during spring months. Under these conditions in no-till systems, planting delays and/or slow, uneven emergence are common. Strip-tillage creates a narrow tilled area for the seedbed while maintaining the inter-row residue cover, allowing for erosion protection associated with no-till, yet providing an area in the row where the soil will dry out and... L. Ferdinand, R. Lamond, B. Gordon, K. Janssen, C. Godsey |
44. Functional Significance of Glomalin to Soil FertilityIn the U.S., soil is lost to wind and water erosion at a rate of nearly 2 billion tons yr-1. The formation of aggregates helps stabilize soil and increase soil fertility and water relationships. Organic matter concentration is correlated with the percentage of water-stable aggregates (WSA). The hypothesis of this study was that glomalin, a glycoproteinaceous substance produced by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, would be a major fraction of organic C in WSA. Four... K. Nichols, S. Wright, M. Liebig, J. Pikul jr. |
45. Harvest Grain and Crop Residue Yield Differences in Crop Rotation and Residue Management Systems in Tillage Transition in Eastern South DakotaA long-term field study was established in Brookings, SD to investigate the impact of crop rotation, tillage, and residue management on grain yield and crop residue production. These results were compiled when this field was undergoing a transition in the influence of two contrasting tillage systems in the first four years of the study. Initial soil test results indicated that the organic matter levels and pH as well as extractable K and orthophosphate-P (0-6") were high. ... H. Woodard, A. Bly |
46. Impact of Diversified Rotation on Corn N Uptake, Yield, and Soil QualityIncreased length of rotation and increased crop diversity may improve efficiency of water and nitrogen (N) use by corn (Zea mays L.) and soil quality. Objectives were to determine the effect of diversified crop rotation on: 1) N-fertilizer use efficiency (NUE) of corn, 2) water use efficiency (WUE) of corn, and 3) temporal change in soil quality attributes. An experiment was started in 1997 on a Barnes clay loam (fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Calcic Hapludo... J. Pikul jr. |
47. Impact of Fertilizer Phosphorus (P) Source, Rate, and Placement Strategy on Yield, Nutrient Uptake, and P Losses in Snowmelt Runoff Water Across Variable Topographies in Saskatchewan, CanadaThe plant availability and mobility in soil of a fertilizer phosphorus (P) source is influenced by the solubility of the fertilizer product itself as well as the reaction products formed in soil over time. In 2021, 2022 and 2023, responses of wheat, pea and canola yield, P uptake and recovery were determined using eight fertilizer P sources applied in a broadcast and incorporate or side-band placement strategy at a low and high (20 vs 40 kg P2O5 ha-1) rates in... B. Weiseth, J. Schoenau, J. Elliott |
48. Impact of Phosphorus Soil Test Level Differences on Crop Response in No-till Soils in Central South DakotaWater and nutrient dynamics in no-till soils vary significantly from conventionally tilled soils. It is evident that soil structure, chemical parameters, and biological profiles influence the functionality of these different management systems. University soil fertility programs have been developed and calibrated for conventionally tilled management. Dakota Lakes Research Farm (Pierre, SD) conducted five years of research (2018-2022) to investigate the impact of phosphorus soil test levels in... S. Ireland, J. Clark |
49. Impact of Tillage, Cover Cropping and Nitrogen Timing on Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics in Texas Southern High Plains CottonCover cropping and no tillage are the most common conversation practices in the Texas Southern High Plains (TSHP) region. However, less than a quarter of cultivated acres in the region utilize these practices. Concerns over cover crop nutrient and water use, yield decline and increased cost are common barriers to adoption for TSHP producers, despite potential benefits such as reduced wind erosion and increased soil organic matter. For these conservation practices to be successful, adjustments... N. Boogades, K. Lewis, M. Mcdonald |
50. Implications of Nutrient and pH Stratification in No-tillStratification of non-mobile nutrients in no-till is not a surprising result. However, this presentation will share the findings of soil sampling a series of long-term NPK fertility studies which have been in no-till production for more than ten years. This data set includes a non-treated check. Beyond stratification of nutrients we found significant stratification of OM, soil acidity, and Al3+. The impacts of stratification in a production system will be discussed along with potential proble... B. Arnall, R. Sharry |
51. Influence of Irrigation Timing and Amount on Cotton Physiology and Nutrient PartitioningThis study explores the impact of varying water levels on nutrient uptake in cotton plants, known for its sensitivity to environmental conditions. Recognizing the pivotal role of water availability in agricultural productivity, the experiment employed different irrigation scenarios and assessed the efficiency of nutrient absorption in cotton under these varied circumstances. The research also focused on analyzing nutrient content in different plant tiss... K. Vargas, K. Lewis, J. Bicaldo, J. Burke |
52. Innovative Corn and Soybean Production Systems for the Great PlainsIn an eight-year study of twin row planting, our intentions were to see if additional spacing per plant would allow more ear flex and more cubic foot of soil mass per plant. In the first five years of study, over 5000 acres were planted, in five states. In each of those five years, we continually added new and upgraded agronomic facts that we held to be true, i.e. PPI work on deeper P placement, Dr. Barnie Gordons work on high N starters, split applications and precisional placemen... |
53. Investigating Adsorption Capacities of Treated Sewage Byproducts for Their Potential Use As FertilizerAs the global population rapidly grows, food producers of the world are faced with the task of feeding as many as ten billion people by 2050. The current state of fertilizer use cannot support this growth, and the overuse and poor management of fertilizers has degraded soil, water, and air quality over time. The average recovery efficiency of nitrogen by crops is low, only 50% due to the fast dispersion/loss of applied fertilizers to the environment. This leaching of fertilizer often leads to... K. Coyle, L. Slaughter, C. Alvarez-pugliese, G.G. Botte, M. Siebecker |
54. Investigating Soybean Response to Phosphorus with a Cover Crop and Fertilizer Combination in KansasThe soybean crop provides one of the best opportunities to include a cool season cover crop (CC) ahead of planting. This study aims to maximize phosphorus (P) use efficiency by the soybean crop by using CC planting as a window of opportunity for better P fertilizer placement and timing. Specifically, combining P fertilizer with cereal CC seeds will place the fertilizer below the soil surface and combine two operations (CC planting and fertilizer application) in one pass. Other benefits includ... J. Demarco, D. Ruiz diaz |
55. Irrigated Corn Response to Nitrogen Fertilization in the Colorado Arkansas ValleyHigh levels of residual NO3-N are present in the soils in the Arkansas River Valley where alfalfa, grains, and vegetable crops are produced. Nitrogen requirements to optimize yield potential of crops, such as corn, following vegetables needs to be evaluated to reduce NO3-N leaching potential in the Valley where high NO3-N levels have been reported in the ground water. The effects of N source (urea and Polyon®3) and fertilizer N rate on corn yields were evaluated for 4 years.&nb... A. Halvorson, F. Schweeissing, M. Bartolo, C. Reule |
56. Is There a Need to Provide N and S to Canola in Any Given Ratio?The importance of N and S nutrition of canola is well recognized (Janzen and Bettany 1984; Bailey 1986; Grant and Bailey 1993; Jackson 2000; Malhi and Leach 2002). Agronomists today are recommending that a N:S ratio of between 5:1 and 7:1 is adhered to when fertilizer N and S are applied. This is also reflected in the provincial recommendations. Thus, Alberta Agriculture, Food and Rural Development (2001) point out that optimum canola requires an N:S ratio of ... R. Karamanos, T. Boon goh, D. Poisson |
57. Kansas State University Fertilizer Recommendation RevisionsSoil testing has long been recognized as the cornerstone for developing cost effective, efficient and environmentally sound nutrient management programs. However, there are still many acres that do not have a sound soil test history. This indicates that there is still much education needed to increase farmer acceptance of soil testing in developing agronomically sound and profitable nutrient management programs. At the same time, USDA is placing increased emph... D. Leikam, R. Lamond, D. Mengel |
58. Lime Management in the Semi-arid Regions of the USSoil acidity is increasing in the semi-arid regions of the US; however, questions exist about the efficacy of different liming products to raise soil pH and how long the lime benefits last. Therefore, we conducted two studies: 1) To monitor the efficacy of three liming products: sugarbeet lime (tilled and non-tilled), prilled lime (seed-placed), and aglime (tilled) to improve soil pH and crop yields at two sites in Montana and 2) To evaluate how different sugarbeet lime rates perform to mitig... M. Rakkar, C. Jones, P. Miller, K. Mcvay, R. Engel |
59. Long-term Tillage with Winter Wheat Grain Yield in Dryland Cropping SystemLong-term studies are important to improve our understanding and evaluate the sustainability of management practices while mitigating climate change. This study evaluated the winter-wheat grain yield stability under long-term tillage practices. Yield stability was assessed using squared deviation from regression (S2d). This study of winter wheat-fallow rotation was established in 1970 within the High Plains Agricultural Laboratory (HPAL) near Sidney, Nebraska (NE) on Duroc... M. Mikha, C. Creech, L. Aula, A. Easterly |
60. Management Effects on Maturity, Seed Yield, and N2-fixation in Dry BeanThe association between dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L) and its associated Rhizobium symbiont (R. phaseoli) has been shown to be inefficient and as such, unable to provide adequate N for maximum bean production. Fertilization with inorganic N is sometimes recommended, but disadvantages of adding fertilizer N include delayed maturity and possible inhibition of N2 fixation. It is unknown whether N fertilizer applications are most beneficial during early growth s... K. Maxwell, B. Stevens |
61. Management of High Yielding Canola CultivarsYield potential of new canola varieties is much higher than older ones, raising questions about whether current management recommendations are adequate to ensure optimum yield. One question that arises is whether such varieties require greater inputs of fertilizer nutrients, particularly nitrogen (N), to realize optimum economic returns. We initiated a three level factorial experiment to investigate the impact of 3 seeding rates, 3 target fertility levels and a fungicide... S. Brandt, D. Ulrich, G. Lafond, R. Kutcher, S. Malhi, A. Johnston |
62. Managing Drought Risk with Post-emergent N Appliactions in Spring Wheat and CanolaFertilizer nitrogen accounts for the largest portion of total fertilizer costs. Unlike other nutrients like P and K, nitrogen is more prone to losses from leaching, nitrous oxide emission and denitrification. Producers are interested in more effective ways of managing the risks associated with N management, especially in the drier areas of the Canadian Prairies. Two separate studies were conducted. The first one examined the feasibility of post-emer... G. Lafond, S. Brandt, A. Johnston, W. May |
63. Managing Soil Acidity in Continous No-tillRecently, management of acidic soils in no-till cropping systems has become an important issue with increasing acreages of no-till and continued surface application of nitrogen fertilizer. Our objectives were to identify vertical movement of surface applied lime, determine the most effective type of lime in changing soil pH, and determine the correct application rate of lime for no-till soils. Two sites were selected for small-plot studies in south-central Kansas in 2000... C. Godsey, R. Lamond, L. Ferdinand |
64. Next Generation Application TechnologyNew technologies and new applications of new and existing technologies continue to be integrated into equipment for the application of crop production inputs including fertilizer, pesticides and seed. GPS assisted steering now allows “hands off” steering of self-propelled applicators and tractors. Results include better application accuracy, improved machine efficiency and less operator fatigue. Variable rate liquid systems are available to compete... N. Wollenhaupt |
65. Nitrogen and Crop Management Influence Irrigated Corn Yields and Greenhouse Gas EmissionsThe influence of tillage system and N fertility on corn grain yields, residue C inputs to the soil, soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration, NO3-N leaching potential, and greenhouse gas emissions under irrigated continuous corn production was evaluated. Corn was produced on a Fort Collins clay loam using no-till (NT) and conventional-till (CT) systems at several N fertility levels. Soil and plant data have been collected since the spring of 1999. Corn grain yi... A. Halvorson, A. Mosier, C. Reule |
66. Nitrogen Fertilizer and Rhizobium Combinations to Improve Yield and Quality of Mung Bean and Adzuki Bean in MontanaMung bean and adzuki bean are new alternative grain legumes that may be grown in Montana and provide benefits to Montana’s cropping systems by improving long-term diversification and productivity. The objective of this study was to investigate mung bean and adzuki bean response to nitrogen fertilizer and rhizobium combinations to determine the optimum fertilizer management. Two adzuki bean (Organic and O.R varieties) and two mung bean (Organic and L.N varieties) cultivars were grown und... M. Etesami, F. Etemadi, T. Gross, B. Franck, C. Chen, C. Kowatch-carlson, S. Franck |
67. Nitrogen Management in Semi-arid Conservation Cotton Production SystemsThe Southern High Plains (SHP) region of Texas is one of the largest cotton-producing regions in the United States. Cotton production is hindered by climatic conditions and wind erosion, but attempts have been made to adopt conservation management practices like cover crops and crop rotations to limit these effects. Conservation management practices can reduce a soil’s susceptibility to wind erosion, but their adoption has been limited on the SHP due to producers’ concerns regardi... J. Burke, K. Lewis, W. Keeling, W. Keeling |
68. Nitrogen Management of Cotton Following Corn in the High PlainsNitrogen (N) management in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is challenging given physiological dynamics in an indeterminate crop. Cotton performance may be harmed due not only to under fertilization of N, but also excessive fertilization. This is especially pertinent when managing cotton for earliness. Often these challenges occur in the form of delaying the onset of reproductive structures due to the crops indeterminate nature, leading to problems associated with ... R. Sharry, M. Smith, B. Arnall |
69. Nodulation and Yield Responses to “Starter” N and P in Field Pea, Lentil, and Chickpea in the Semiarid Northern Great PlainsGrain legumes require a high level of N fertility to achieve maximum yield and protein (Sosulski et al., 1974; Sosulski and Buchan, 1978). In these 1970’s and 1980’s studies, nodulation and nitrogenase activity were generally poor even when the legumes were inoculated with rhizobia (Sosulski and Buchan, 1978). Although indigenous populations of rhizobia are often present in the soils, they might be ineffective for inducing N2 fixation under semiarid environments (Kucey and Hy... Y. Gan, G. Clayton, G. Lafond, F. Walley, B. Mcconkey |
70. Nutrient Management in Cotton-sorghum Vs. Continuous Cotton RotationsThis study seeks to provide information to High Plains producers on soil fertility requirements for cotton grown in rotation with sorghum. The benefits of rotation on yields and soil properties are also being studied. It is known that the practice of crop rotation benefits the soil and crops from the standpoint of soil fertility, pests, and diseases. In this project we tested cotton-cotton and cotton-sorghum rotations. Within these cropping systems ... K. Bronson, J. Booker, W. Keeling, C. Trostle |
71. Phosphorus Fertilizer Effects on Forage, Beef and Grain Production from Winter WheatPhosphorus fertilizer was surface applied or injected in a NPS solution and compared to a surface-applied NS solution to determine if fall forage production could be increased by P applications and to determine if the additional forage could be captured through beef production to make the P applications profitable. The experimental units were nine 25-acre pastures in which the three treatments were replicated three times and grazed with yearling stocker calves in two management sys... D. Robinson, J. Sij, W. Pinchak, R. Gill, S. Bevers, D. Mallinowski, T. Baughman |
72. Plant Availability of Phosphorus in Swine Slurry and Cattle Feedlot ManureTo utilize manure phosphorus (P) for crop production, the amount of P that is mineralized and subsequently becomes plant available needs to be determined. A laboratory incubation study was conducted to determine P release and availability from applied swine and cattle feedlot manure in three soils. Treatments included incubation temperature (11, 18, 25, and 32 oC), P source (swine and beef cattle feedlot manure, synthetic fertilizer, and no manure or fertilizer), wa... B. Eghball, B. Wienhold, B. Woodbury, R. Eigenberg |
73. Point Vs. Area Grid Soil Sampling in the Great PlainsTraditionally, soil sampling has relied on the approach of collecting multiple cores (or sub-samples) from the entire area of interest (e.g., a field), and then combining them into a single soil sample for analyses. Samples were collected from throughout the area with recognition that soil fertility varied spatially. Where greater spatial variability was anticipated, size of sampling area usually was reduced to provide a better estimate of soil fertility. Unfo... T. Kastens, K. Dhuyvetter, J. Schmidt |
74. Positional Availability of Phosphorus from Surface Fertilizer BandsOur objective in this field study was to determine the relative distribution of P applied as a liquid starter fertilizer in a surface band during the early part of the corn growing season. Research was conducted during three years (2001-2003) at three locations in central Iowa. Exchange-resin membranes were used to characterize P movement. Treatments consisted of a control and 15-30-10 or 60-30-10 starter dribbled (30 gal./A) on the soil surface two inche... J. Kovar, P. Schroeder, K. Washburn |
75. Potassium Fertilization of Corn in Reduced Tillage Production SystemsPotassium (K) deficiency can be a problem on soils that have been managed with reduced tillage practices. The large amount of residue left on the soil surface can depress soil temperature and interfere with plant growth, nutrient uptake, and ultimately grain yield. Soil temperature influences both K up-take by root and K diffusion through the soil. The appearance of K deficiency in fields managed with conservation tillage systems has been reported with greater frequency in resent y... B. Gordon |
76. Preserving the Past, Nurturing the Future: Inorganic Fertilizers and the Vital Role of Phosphorus and Potassium in Native Prairie RestorationPhosphorus (P) and potassium (K) are macronutrients required to sustain plant growth and reproduction. They are commonly applied as inorganic fertilizer by farmers across the world for their crops but these nutrients are also important for the development and sustainment of native grassland systems. Much of the Great Plains region has either been used as farmland or grazing land. These practices can disturb natural nutrient cycling by removing nutrients without adequate replacement. Current l... K. Hays, B. Arnall |
77. Quantifying Nitrate Leaching in Sandy Soils As Affected by N and Water ManagementEfficient use of nitrogen (N) fertilizer for corn production is important for maximizing economic return and minimizing NO3 leaching to groundwater, especially on irrigated, sandy soils. The objectives of this study were to quantify the NO3leaching for a sandy soil typical of Kansas’ tributaries, under current and alternative N and water management strategies for irrigated corn. Six fields were selected in 2001 and 2002 along the Republican (1), Kansas (2), and... R. Gehl, J. Schmidt, L. Stone, L. Maddux |
78. Rapid Removal of Subsoil N by Conventional and Non-N-fixing AlfalfaNitrate contamination of groundwater is an increasingly serious health issue in the Central High Plains. Although better water and fertilizer management techniques have reduced the rate of leaching from many irrigated fields, high concentrations of residual nitrate accumulating are still observed just below the root zone of irrigated row crops, particularly in fields with a history of animal waste application. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) may be the ideal crop for r... T. Willson |
79. Real-time, In-season Nitrogen Application Using Optical SensorsVariable rate application of fertilizer materials for cereal crop production has been an intense area of research for the last several years. Non-destructive methods of plant analysis, namely crop reflectance based vegetative indices, have been evaluated and researched to determine which provides the best in-season information to make fertilizer recommendations. Because nitrogen (N) fertilizer is typically the largest seasonal crop input (with the exception of water, if ... R. Mullen, W. Raun, G. Johnson, M. Stone, J. Solie, K. Freeman |
80. Recent 2-Row Malting Barley Nitrogen Rate Revision for North DakotaAs the demand of two-row malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) increases, having sound nitrogen (N) recommendations is increasingly necessary. Not only does N play a role in grain yield, but it may also significantly impact grain malting characteristics including protein, plump, and test weight. To determine the impacts N rate and N availability have on two-row malting barley, two experimental sites were established in both Spring 2020 and 2021. The experiments were organized as a rand... D. Franzen, B. Goettl |
81. Relationship Between Soil Health and Nutrient Availability in Semi-arid Cotton ProductionThe use of conservation management practices, like cover crops and no-tillage, is common in semi-arid cropping systems to reduce wind erosion. However, the use of these practices can also reduce cotton lint yield. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of nitrogen (N) management in conservation cropping systems to increase cotton lint yield. Two experiments were conducted at the Agricultural Complex for Advanced Research and Extension Systems in Lamesa, TX, USA. The first exper... J. Burke, K. Lewis, J. Foster |
82. Safening Seed Placed Urea with Agrotain®The introduction of no-till and direct seeding in the western Canadian prairies has necessitated placing urea N fertilizer with the seed in the majority of cases. Plant stand reduction due to seed-placement of high rates of urea N fertilizers is attributed to the toxic effects of ammonia/ammonium. Current guidelines for seed-row placement of nitrogen in general and urea in particular to avert seedling damage are based on seedbed utilization, soil texture (Saskatchewan Ag... R. Karamanos, J. Harapiak |
83. Satellite Imagery for Small Plot Research and Precision Farming - Nitrogen Relationships in Irrigated CornHigh quality satellite imagery that recently became available may be useful for predicting the N status of crops, need for additional N fertilization, and crop yield potential. Our objective was to determine if the high-resolution digital images from the QuickBird™ satellite launched in late 2001 had potential in predicting irrigated corn biomass and grain yields and available N at planting as indicated by leaf color on 27 July 2002 from conventional till and no-till research... J. Cipra, A. Halvorson |
84. Shining Light on Novel Pathways for Potassium Fixation in SoilCotton has a high demand for potassium, and potassium significantly affects both cotton yield and fiber quality. Thus, bioavailability of potassium from the soil is paramount. Bioavailability and leaching of potassium to crops and from soils has been studied since the 1940s. However, problems that confronted agronomists in the 1980s continue to impact growers and crop production, including unpredictable potassium bioavailability and inconsistent plant response to fertilizer application under ... M. Siebecker, K. Coyle, T. Pham, I. Saldana haworth, E. Schmidt, A. Sharma, K. Lewis |
85. Side-dress Applied ESN Reduces N2O Compared with Single Urea Application for Irrigated CornEnhanced efficiency fertilizer (poly coated urea, may reduce soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions while maintaining or increasing crop yields. However, further increases in N fertilizer efficiency may be attainable with a starter fertilizer application followed by side-dressed EEF. We monitored soil N2O using surface chambers from three N treatments [202 kg N ha-1 single application of urea, 34 kg N ha-1 starter urea combined with 168 kg N... S. Del grosso, J. Delgado, C.E. Stewart |
86. Soil Microbes Are Critical to Maintaining Soil Fertility in the Great PlainsSoil in the Great Plains is known to be susceptible to wind and water erosion due to moisture deficits throughout the region that limit soil organic matter (SOM) accumulation that helps form stable soil structure. Conservation management practices like reduced tillage are emphasized to maintain SOM that provides habitat for soil microbes to perform ecosystem services related to nutrient cycling and soil aggregation to increase resistance to erosion and maintain fertile topsoil. Soils under lo... W. Roper, V. Acosta-martinez, J. Moore, M. Mikha, D.K. Manter, C.E. Stewart, R.M. Lehman, M.A. Liebig, V.L. Jin |
87. Soil N Crediting for Texas Wheat ProductionThe objectives of this research effort were to assess soil N crediting depth and yield-based N fertilizer recommendations across wheat producing regions of Texas. Trials were coordinated among six different regions in 2017, 2018, and/or 2019 for a cumulative 10 site-years (not all sites were represented in all years). Treatments comprised a 6 × 4 factorial with six yield-based N rates (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 lbs N per target bushel) and four N crediting depths (0, 0-6”, 0-12&r... R. Noland |
88. Soil Nitrogen Dynamics from Various Legume Crops Used for Fertiliy in Organic Fruit ProductionThe increasing cost of importing animal manures for organic fruit orchard fertility has forced growers to seek alternative sources of organic nutrient inputs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the nitrogen (N) dynamics of several on-farm N sources as a viable supply of organic N fertilizer. The timing of N mineralization is also critical to achieving good fruit production. Four year old organic Suncrest peach trees were used for this study. &nbs... R. Godin, S. Ela, K. Schultz |
89. Soil Properties and Winter Wheat Nutrient Uptake As Affected by Long-term Tillage and Nitrogen FertilizationKnowledge gained on the long-term effects of crop management practices on soil fertility is critical in developing nutrient management strategies to optimize crop yields and environmental sustainability in semi-arid cropping systems. This study examined the long-term effects of nitrogen (N) fertilizer management and tillage intensity [conventional tillage (CT), and no-tillage (NT)] on soil properties and nutrient uptake in a dryland wheat-sorghum-fallow cropping system. Results showed winter ... A. Obour, J. Holman, L. Simon, Y.M. Assefa |
90. Soil Test P and P Source Impacts on P Runoff from Calcareous SoilsLong-term application of phosphorus (P) to soils at rates in excess of crop uptake can result in elevated soil P levels (Snyder et al., 1993), which previous research has shown directly influences the amount of P in runoff (Sharpley et al., 1977, 1978, 1995; Daniel et al., 1994; Pote et al., 1996). Because soil test and runoff P concentrations are related, excessive soil P levels may result in significantly high runoff P levels, which accelerate surface-water eutrophication. ... A. Elliott, R. Schierer, J. Davis, R. Waskom, A. Schlegel |
91. Strategies for Maximizing Crop Recovery of Nutrients Applied As Liquid Swine ManureSince the demise in 1996 of the freight rate subsidy for transport of grains by rail from Western Canada to port, there have been increased efforts to develop a local livestock industry to utilize feed grains produced in Saskatchewan and other prairie provinces. This has led to an expansion in the number of intensive livestock operations, particularly swine production systems, on the Canadian prairies. The desire to develop responsible manure management strategies in con... J. Schoenau, S. Mooleki, S. Malhi, G. Hultgreen |
92. Subsurface Drip Fertigation Impacts on Nutrient Uptake and Partitioning in CottonSubsurface drip irrigation (SDI) is becoming a popular option for maximizing the water use efficiency of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), especially in semi-arid environments of the Midsouth and Western United States. In the Texas High Plains where underground water resources from the Ogallala Aquifer are rapidly declining, there is increased adoption of water conservation technologies like center pivot and drip irrigation. In addition to increased water efficiency, drip irrigation allow... H.L. Valencia, J. Burke, T. Bennett, K. Lewis |
93. Summer Annual Legumes: Yield Potential and Water UseDue to the decline of the Ogalla Aquifer and reduced irrigation capacity, there is a growing interest in more water-efficient cropping systems in the semi-arid central Great Plains. One of the most water-intense crops grown on the semi-arid central Great Plains is alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Alfalfa is grown for its nutritive value and protein, which is highly desired by cow/calf, feed yards, and dairies of the central and southern Great Plains. The purpose of this study was to eva... J. Holman, N. Detter, A. Obour, L. Haag, K. Roozeboom |
94. Sustainable and Resilient Cropping Systems to Mitigate Wind Erosion for the Enhancement of Human HealthIn the Texas High Plains, regenerative cropping practices in a predominantly conventional farming area can be used to prevent further depletion of topsoil by wind erosion. This loss of topsoil can cause a decrease in agricultural productivity and form dust storms that can be detrimental to human health causing a rise in hospitalizations of chronic lung damage, cardiovascular disorders, and diseases contracted by inhalation. Using regenerative farming practices, both the number and size of dus... K. Lewis, R. Babcock, J. Burke, C. Cobos |
95. Sustainable Sufficiency: an Alternative Paradigm for Phosphorus Fertilizer ManagementSustainable, widespread adoption of conservation practices on-farm demands alignment of agronomic productivity and environmental protection goals. Phosphorus (P) fertilizer management is a critical control point for conservation P management, to reduce agricultural P loss to the environment. Phosphorus fertilizer recommendations follow either a low-P sufficiency (SF), or a higher-P build and maintain (BM) approach. Reduced P fertilizer inputs are recognized as an effective control measure to ... M. Bourns, N. Nelson, G. Roa , D. Ruiz diaz, J. Demarco |
96. Temporal and Spatial Variability of Nitrogen Use Efficiency Across Landscape Positions in Southern High PlainsOptimizing nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is crucial for enhancing crop productivity, managing resources effectively, and promoting environmental sustainability. In response to the growing significance of sustainable agriculture, this research rigorously explores the temporal and spatial dynamics of NUE in the unique agroecosystem of the Southern High Plains. With a focus on precision nitrogen management tailored to the region's distinctive conditions, the study aims to provide valuable in... R. Karn, W. Guo, K. Lewis, G. Ritchie, M. Siebecker |
97. The Effect of Low Rates of Commercial Humic Acid on P Availability and Spring Wheat YieldHumic acid (HA), a soluble fraction of humus, has been found to increase crop yields under certain conditions, possibly due to increased nutrient availability. A study was conducted to determine the effects of low rates of commercial HA on P availability and spring wheat yields in both a calcareous soil and non-calcareous soil. In Phase I, soluble P concentrations were monitored at 0.75, 1.5, and 2.25 in. from a MAP band that had either been coated with 1.5 lb HA/ac or l... C. Jones, J. Jacobsen, A. Mungaas |
98. The Effects of Manure Applications on Cotton Yield and Soil Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the Texas High PlainsThe cost of inorganic fertilizer is continually rising, which has caused an increased interest in alternative solutions. Along with fertilizer prices increasing, carbon emissions are following the same trend. There is an upcoming demand for organic fertilizer and carbon research. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of various manure applications on crop growth and greenhouse gas emissions in three different cropping systems in the Texas High Plains. The no-tillage cropping sys... T. Roberts, K. Lewis |
99. The Future Role of USDA NRCS in Nutrient ManagementSince 1999 USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service has integrated nutrient management planning into the producer’s over-all conservation plan. A nutrient management plan contains the guidance for nutrient rate, form, timing, and method of application. Each action is based on specific local climate, soil, crop, and management conditions. The intent is to improve water quality, as well as soil, plant, air, and animal quality conditions, both on and off... J. Lemunyon |
100. The Paradoxical Pursuit of Sustainable Nitrogen Management in Irrigated High-Elevation Hay MeadowsIrrigated hay meadows are an integral, but often under-performing component of livestock operations in the Mountain West. Saturating irrigation and cool temperatures result in buildup of organic matter in form of an O-horizon, hindering forage production and nitrogen (N) cycling. For these reasons, many ranchers choose to fertilize with N regardless of large stores of N already in the soil. To improve long-term forage production in meadow systems, it is therefore critical to understand t... D. Adamson, J. Norton, U. Norton, L.T. Van diepen, M. Singh |
101. The Role of P Fertility and Mycorrhizae in Flax ProductionEnsuring adequate P nutrition in flax is difficult, because flax is sensitive to seed-placed P and may be less efficient than many crops at using fertilizer P. Studies conducted for three years at two locations in western Manitoba indicated that flax seed yield, mycorrhizal association and Cd concentration were primarily influenced by preceding crop. Early-season P nutrition was enhanced by residual P and by side-banded P fertilizer, but effects on final seed yield ... C. Grant, M. Monreal, B. Irvine, D. Mclaren, R. Mohr |
102. Urea Application Timing Influence on No-till CornFertilizer N for no-till corn in South Dakota is often limited to surface applications of urea. Surface applied urea can volatilize. A study was conducted in 1998, 1999, 2000 and 2002 (four site years) on no-till corn comparing surface broadcast urea timing. Nitrogen rates (50 and 100 lbs N/a) were applied in the fall, winter, early spring, planting, and V-6 stage. Ear leaf samples were analyzed for N concentration in 1999 and 2000 and grain yield was measured each year. Precipitation was mea... R. Gelderman, J. Gerwing, A. Bly |
103. Use of a Crop Canopy Reflectance Sensor for In-season N Management of CornOver-application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer on corn has resulted in elevated levels of N in ground and surface waters. A major factor contributing to decreased N use efficiency and environmental contamination for traditional corn N management schemes is routine pre-season application of large doses of N before the crop can effectively utilize this N. Our long-term research goal is to reduce these over-applications by using remote sensing to direct fertilizer only to areas need... J. Shanahan, J. Schepers, D. Francis, R. Caldwell |
104. Water Use Efficiency and Soil Changes After Long-term Crop Rotation Under Limited IrrigationLong-term crop rotation intensity and diversity can affect key soil properties. In semi-arid regions, the combined factors of rotation and soil properties may also affect the overall water use efficiency from either limited irrigation or rainfall. The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in soil properties, and water use efficiency of corn grown under different rotation intensity and diversity and limited/supplemental irrigation. A field experiment was conducted over seven years in... D. Ruiz diaz, P. Garcia helguera, A. Rosa, O. Brian, K. Roozeboom |