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1. Amelioration of Water Repellant Soils and Improving the Production of Calcareous Soils in South Australia - a Farmer ExperienceWe farm 18,000 acres of grain at Lock which is on central Eyre Peninsula in South Australia. The crops grown are wheat, lentils, barley and canola. Crops are estabilished with full residue retention and zero tillage. The soils are duplex sands over clay and other areas of calcareous sands with high pH. The duplex sands tend to be water repellant which often means poor crop establishment and reduced yields. We have developed various techniques and mac... A. Polkinghorne |
2. Post-wheat Summer Cover Crop Effects Crop Yields and Soil Properties in a No-till Dryland Cropping SystemTraditional dryland cropping systems in the semi-arid Great Plains include long fallow periods of up to 14 months to conserve soil moisture. However, such systems are inefficient even under continuous no-till (NT) management. As less water is necessary to produce forage compared to grain, cover crops (CCs) may be successfully integrated into dryland crop rotations for increased soil cover and potentially greater income when hayed or grazed as annual forages. One study was initiated in 2016 ne... L. Simon, A. Obour, J. Holman, S.K. Johnson |
3. Cover Crop Planting Time Effects on Biomass Productivity, Soil Health and Wheat Yield in Dryland SystemsEcosystems benefits of cover crops (CCs) in semi-arid dryland cropping systems are dependent on CC biomass productivity. This study evaluated how CC planting time (spring vs. fall) and fallow management practices [no-tillage (NT) vs. occasional tillage (OT)] influenced CC biomass, surface residue, selected soil health properties and crop yields in within a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-sorghum (Sorghum bicolor Moench)–fallow (WSF) rotation. The experiment was conducted fr... A. Obour, Z. Carson, P. Akporsoe, L. Simon, J. Holman |
4. Evaluation of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Rhizobium Inoculation to Improve Grain Yield and Quality of Soybean and Dry Bean in Eastern MontanaInterest in production of irrigated soybean and dry bean in eastern Montana’s Lower Yellowstone River Valley increased substantially following the closure of a sugar beet processing facility in Sidney, MT resulting in the need for a replacement crop(s) on 30,000 to 40,000 acres annually. Yields of soybean and dry bean in this region varied significantly from 20 to 80 bu ac-1 in recent growing seasons, indicating a need for improved management practices. However, res... B. Franck, C. Kuester, K. Herhalo, C. Chen |
5. Optimizing Nitrogen Inputs in Barley Production in Idaho, Montana, and North DakotaNitrogen (N) management plays a critical role in balancing yield and malting quality of two-row spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grown in the Northern Great Plains. In 2025, a field experiment was conducted across seven locations in North Dakota, Montana, and Idaho to evaluate the effect of N fertilizer source on barley yield, protein, and kernel plump. Treatments included the commercially available N sources urea, enhanced efficiency urea, urea ammonium nitrate, calcium ... B. Goettl, . Souza, J. Spackman, J. Jensen |
6. Cover Crop Function and Management Optimization for Semiarid West Texas Cropping SystemsWater-use is a primary concern preventing integration of cover crops in dry climates. Recent research has demonstrated that adequate cover crop residue (with optimal termination timing) is more likely to improve soil water dynamics for the subsequent crop. Regarding cover crop function in West Texas, wheat stubbles as a fallow may offer a cheap and effective solution to prevent wind erosion and facilitate water storage in soil profile. Optimum management practices are likely different t... T. Hussain, R. Noland, R. Matschek, . Delaune, E. Kimura , J. Muir |
7. Seeding Rate and Planting Configuration Affect the Interspecific Function of a Wheat-pea Cover CropCover crop species mixtures have potential to maximize overall biomass as well as net N contribution if temporary immobilization of available N by non-legume species can promote greater N fixation by legumes. The growth and ultimate function of legumes in cover crop species mixtures is often limited, however, by excessive competition with other species, particularly grasses, in the mix. The objective of this work is to iden... N. Nielsen, T. Hussain, R. Matschek, R. Noland, M. Mcculloch |
8. Plant Tissue Analysis: Do the Numbers Make Sense?Plant tissue analysis is a widely used nutrient management and diagnostic tool. Plant tissue nutrient concentrations are affected by many factors, including soil nutrient status, weather, and others. The interpretation of sufficiency/deficiency ranges in tissue samples helps to determine if growth problems are due to potential nutrient deficiencies or to other causes. Results of an individual analysis are only a one-time “snapshot” within a season-long time-frame. We conduct... F. Vocasek, S. Harrold |
9. Season-long Tools for Effective Potassium Management in Arkansas Cotton ProductionKnowledge of how accurately soil testing and plant analysis identify nutrient-deficient soils and recommend the proper fertilizer rate is important to ensure farmers are profitable. However, critical tissue-potassium (K) concentrations have not been established for modern high-yielding cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars currently grown across the U.S. cotton belt. Likewise, limited research has investigated the window of opportunity to correct K-deficient cotton with in-season ... G. Drescher, T. Roberts, M. Popp, N. Slaton, M. Ramos do prado, A. Smartt, Q. Sarfaraz, G. Andrade leite mengez |
10. Different Sources and Rates of Nitrogen Fertilizers Influence Carbon Mineralization, Nitrogen Cycling and Soil pH of Two Major Soil Series of Texas High PlainsNitrogen is regarded as the most limiting factor in agricultural production because of its complex transformation, low uptake efficiency and multiple loss pathways. Excessive use of nitrogen fertilizers is practiced for agricultural production in Texas High Plains which impacts soil health in long run. With distinct soil types that run through the region, appropriate guide on fertilization is crucial, however, the information is still lacking. Hence, this study aims to investigate how d... A. Kafle, K. Lewis, D. Clarke |
11. Nitrogen and Sulfur Interaction in Corn Production- Multi-state StudyMulti-state effort to better understand the impact of sulfure fertilization on nitrogen response curve in corn production. Over 30 site years harvested in 2025. ... B. Arnall, V. Reed, T. Roberts, R. Roth , K. Steinke, J. Jones, D. Quinn |
12. Assessment of Microalgae Amendments on Soil Nutrient Dynamics and Cotton Productivity Under Limited Irrigation in Texas High PlainsTexas High Plains (THP) is a major cotton producing region of Texas. However, declining soil fertility and increasing risk of crop yield penalties associated with extreme weather patterns and low organic input have raised concern in sustainability of farmlands in this region. Micro-algae amendment is relatively new and emerging farm practice in crop production which is getting attention due to its ability to stimulate soil health and enhance crop productivity. There are no prior records on mi... A. Kafle, K. Lewis, J. Burke, H. Nakabuye, M. Jonhson |
13. Evaluating the Profitability of Nitrogen Management Strategies to Increase Yield in Regenerative Cotton Production SystemsSoil health management practices, such as cover crops and no-till systems, are common in semi-arid cropping systems to reduce wind erosion. However, implementing these practices can also lower cotton yield. As a result, cotton production using no-till and cover crop systems in semi-arid environments tends to be less profitable than conventional systems, despite lower costs from fewer tillage operations during the growing season. For these soil health practices to be economically sustainable i... A. Wright, J. Burke, K. Lewis, W. Keeling, W. Keeling |
14. Optimization of Zinc Fertilizer in CottonSemi-arid environments often face many weather-related challenges while overcoming the issues associated with an elevated soil pH (> 7.5). Zinc availability can become more limited as soil pH increases, possibly reducing cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) production. Zinc is an essential micronutrient for cotton and is important from the seedling stage to boll and fiber formation. Because of the many reactions reducing zinc availability in soil, fertilizer source, and application time and method ... K. Lewis, J. Alford |
15. Nutrient Uptake Variability of Modern Cotton CultivarsCotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is one of the most economically important crops in Texas, generating more than $3B in annual revenue. Since the development of transgenic cotton cultivars in the early 2000s, cotton yield potential has increased. Despite these advances, little is known about the nutrient uptake and partitioning patterns of these different cultivars. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nutrient uptake and partitioning patterns of five modern cotton cultivars grown under th... J. Burke, K. Lewis |
16. Using Theory and Experiments to Understand Plant Physiological Responses to Nutrient AvailabilityFor decades, quantitative theory has been developed to understand plant physiological responses to shifting environmental conditions. However, this theory has primarily focused on responses to aboveground conditions. My group has been working on extending this theory below ground, with an explicit focus on plant-nutrient relations. In this presentation, I will discuss the theoretical developments that we have made. I will also present results from experiments designed to test the theory and s... N. Smith |
17. Nitrogen Management in Texas Corn Using UAV-based Multispectral ImagingEfficient nitrogen (N) management is essential for maximizing corn yield while reducing environmental impacts. Over-application of fertilizers during early crop stages leads to atmospheric N losses, resulting in economic inefficiency and increased pollution. Traditional, generalized N fertilizer recommendations often fail to capture the complexity of soil systems and are inadequate for synchronizing N supply with crop demand. Fluctuating fertilizer prices and low N use efficiency further unde... G. Baath |
18. Stacking Regenerative Agricultural Practices Under Irrigated Forage ProductionIncorporation of forage production into producer landscapes is an opportunity to hedge economic risk and increase yield stability. Regenerative agricultural management practices that also reduce N fertilizer and pest control costs, recycle nutrients, and preserve and capture precipitation are needed in semi-arid regions. There is little information on how the combination of regenerative practices such as no-tillage (NT) and cover crops will influence the timing and effect (e.g., additive... C.E. Stewart, D.K. Manter, S. Del grosso, G. Miner, P. Kleinman |
19. Managing High-pH Soils: Restoring Nutrient Function with Polysulphate and Acidic Phosphate FertilizersHigh soil pH often reflects the active consumption of hydrogen ions (H⁺) by carbonates and bicarbonates, which suppresses calcium solubility and reduces the availability of phosphorus, potassium, and key micronutrients. These limitations are driven by soil chemistry rather than true nutrient deficiency, restricting nutrient mobility and root access. This presentation will examine Polysulphate® as a functional calcium and sulfate source that improves system efficiency. In addition, ... A. Foster, J. Hagele, T. Donoho, D. Tollefson |
20. The Past, Present, and Future of Soil TestingA keynote adress from Dr. Ray Ward, Founder of Ward Laboratories, Inc. ... R. Ward |