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1. Soil Microbes Are Critical to Maintaining Soil Fertility in the Great PlainsSoil in the Great Plains is known to be susceptible to wind and water erosion due to moisture deficits throughout the region that limit soil organic matter (SOM) accumulation that helps form stable soil structure. Conservation management practices like reduced tillage are emphasized to maintain SOM that provides habitat for soil microbes to perform ecosystem services related to nutrient cycling and soil aggregation to increase resistance to erosion and maintain fertile topsoil. Soils under lo... W. Roper, V. Acosta-martinez, J. Moore, M. Mikha, D.K. Manter, C.E. Stewart, R.M. Lehman, M.A. Liebig, V.L. Jin |
2. Effects of Fertilizer Nitrogen Management on Biomass, Oil, and Nitrous Oxide Emissions in Peppermint in Nebraska PanhandlePeppermint (Mentha pipperita) is an aromatic perennial herb that contains aromatic oil, primarily menthol. Irrigated peppermint production requires large nitrogen (N) input, which is often higher than for irrigated corn. Therefore, if not managed properly, mint production has a high potential for N losses, including nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. Nitrous oxide is a major greenhouse gas and the most important ozone-depleting emission. Increasing N2O emissions fro... B. Maharjan, S. Desilva |
3. Composted Manure Impacts on Organic Wheat Production in the Northern Great PlainsMontana leads the nation in organic production of small-grain crops including wheat (Triticum spp.). A major challenge faced by dryland farmers when growing wheat organically is supplying adequate N for optimum wheat yield and quality. A onetime application of composted manure at four rates (0, 5.6, 11, and 22 tons/acre) vs. annual applications of urea based on soil test results when growing wheat in wheat/fallow and wheat + biennial sweetclover [(Melilotus officinalis&... P. Carr, M.M. Volkman |
4. Combined Nitrogen with Magnesium or Zinc Effects on Sugarbeet Yield Sucrose Concentration, and Nutrient Uptake Under Conventional and No-till SystemsSugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is an important cash crop in the Lower Yellowstone River valley. Fertility, especially nitrogen (N) fertilizer, management is critical for sugar beet yield and sucrose concentration. While farmers are switching from a conventional tillage method to a no-till system for sugar beet cultivation, nitrogen (N) fertilizer application timing might need to be adjusted. Furthermore, micronutrients may enhance sugar beet yield and sucrose concentration. A tw... C. Chen, M. Etesami, M. Abdelhamid |
5. Nitrogen Fertilizer and Rhizobium Combinations to Improve Yield and Quality of Mung Bean and Adzuki Bean in MontanaMung bean and adzuki bean are new alternative grain legumes that may be grown in Montana and provide benefits to Montana’s cropping systems by improving long-term diversification and productivity. The objective of this study was to investigate mung bean and adzuki bean response to nitrogen fertilizer and rhizobium combinations to determine the optimum fertilizer management. Two adzuki bean (Organic and O.R varieties) and two mung bean (Organic and L.N varieties) cultivars were grown und... M. Etesami, F. Etemadi, T. Gross, B. Franck, C. Chen, C. Kowatch-carlson, S. Franck |
6. Long-term Tillage with Winter Wheat Grain Yield in Dryland Cropping SystemLong-term studies are important to improve our understanding and evaluate the sustainability of management practices while mitigating climate change. This study evaluated the winter-wheat grain yield stability under long-term tillage practices. Yield stability was assessed using squared deviation from regression (S2d). This study of winter wheat-fallow rotation was established in 1970 within the High Plains Agricultural Laboratory (HPAL) near Sidney, Nebraska (NE) on Duroc... M. Mikha, C. Creech, L. Aula, A. Easterly |
7. Agronomic Evaluation of Camelina Genotypes Selected for Yield, Oil Concentration, and NUEIn recent years, camelina (Camelina sativa L.) has received global recognition for its role as a biofuel crop and multipurpose addition to cereal-based farming systems in the Northern Great Plains (NGP). The present study objected to investigative the response of selected camelina cultivars, line 229, line 35, line 53, Suneson, and Check1 to nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) inputs in terms of biomass, yield, seed oil content, and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) at five nitrogen (N) rates, r... M. Etesami, C. Chen, B. Franck, S. Franck, C. Lu |
8. Dual-purpose Cover Crop and Occasional Tillage Effects on Crop Yields and Soil Properties in a No-tillage Wheat-sorghum-fallow RotationReplacing fallow with dual-purpose cover crops (CCs) could enhance soil health and increase cropping system profitability when CCs are grazed or hayed. Grazing and/or haying CCs can provide an economic benefit to offset potential lost revenue when grain crop yields are decreased after CCs in dry years. However, producers are concerned about the potential for root-limiting soil compaction following grazing on no-till (NT) fields, which could limit subsequent grain crop yields and require tilla... L. Simon, A. Obour, J. Holman, S.K. Johnson, K. Roozeboom |
9. Soil Properties and Winter Wheat Nutrient Uptake As Affected by Long-term Tillage and Nitrogen FertilizationKnowledge gained on the long-term effects of crop management practices on soil fertility is critical in developing nutrient management strategies to optimize crop yields and environmental sustainability in semi-arid cropping systems. This study examined the long-term effects of nitrogen (N) fertilizer management and tillage intensity [conventional tillage (CT), and no-tillage (NT)] on soil properties and nutrient uptake in a dryland wheat-sorghum-fallow cropping system. Results showed winter ... A. Obour, J. Holman, L. Simon, Y.M. Assefa |
10. Lime Management in the Semi-arid Regions of the USSoil acidity is increasing in the semi-arid regions of the US; however, questions exist about the efficacy of different liming products to raise soil pH and how long the lime benefits last. Therefore, we conducted two studies: 1) To monitor the efficacy of three liming products: sugarbeet lime (tilled and non-tilled), prilled lime (seed-placed), and aglime (tilled) to improve soil pH and crop yields at two sites in Montana and 2) To evaluate how different sugarbeet lime rates perform to mitig... M. Rakkar, C. Jones, P. Miller, K. Mcvay, R. Engel |
11. Effect of Seeding Rate on Annual Warm Season Forage Yield and Plant StructureDue to the decline of the Ogallala Aquifer and reduced irrigation capacity, there is growing interest in more water-efficient cropping systems in the semi-arid central Great Plains. To support the region’s livestock industry, there is increased interest in forages because they use water more efficiently than grain crops. However, there is insufficient information on summer annual forage seeding rates in the range of environments encountered in the region. The objective of this study was... J. Holman, N. Detter, A. Obour, P. Tamea |
12. Summer Annual Legumes: Yield Potential and Water UseDue to the decline of the Ogalla Aquifer and reduced irrigation capacity, there is a growing interest in more water-efficient cropping systems in the semi-arid central Great Plains. One of the most water-intense crops grown on the semi-arid central Great Plains is alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Alfalfa is grown for its nutritive value and protein, which is highly desired by cow/calf, feed yards, and dairies of the central and southern Great Plains. The purpose of this study was to eva... J. Holman, N. Detter, A. Obour, L. Haag, K. Roozeboom |
13. Nitrogen Management in Semi-arid Conservation Cotton Production SystemsThe Southern High Plains (SHP) region of Texas is one of the largest cotton-producing regions in the United States. Cotton production is hindered by climatic conditions and wind erosion, but attempts have been made to adopt conservation management practices like cover crops and crop rotations to limit these effects. Conservation management practices can reduce a soil’s susceptibility to wind erosion, but their adoption has been limited on the SHP due to producers’ concerns regardi... J. Burke, K. Lewis, W. Keeling, W. Keeling |
14. Developing Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertigation Strategies in CottonSubsurface drip irrigation (SDI) is becoming a popular option for maximizing the water use efficiency of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), especially in semi-arid environments of the Midsouth and Western United States. In the Texas High Plains where underground water resources from the Ogallala Aquifer are rapidly declining, there is increased adoption of water conservation technologies like center pivot and drip irrigation. In addition to increased water efficiency, drip irrigation allow... K. Lewis, H. Valencia, T. Roberts, J. Burke, G. Ritchie |
15. Relationship Between Soil Health and Nutrient Availability in Semi-arid Cotton ProductionThe use of conservation management practices, like cover crops and no-tillage, is common in semi-arid cropping systems to reduce wind erosion. However, the use of these practices can also reduce cotton lint yield. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of nitrogen (N) management in conservation cropping systems to increase cotton lint yield. Two experiments were conducted at the Agricultural Complex for Advanced Research and Extension Systems in Lamesa, TX, USA. The first exper... J. Burke, K. Lewis, J. Foster |
16. Cover Crops in Semi-arid Dryland Winter Wheat (Triticum Aestivum, L.) Fallow Rotation, a Farmer Collaboration StudyWinter wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.) (WW) is a primary dryland crop in semi-arid southeastern Wyoming. Incorporating cover crops (CC) to a WW-fallow rotation can help improve soil health. Local producers have been exploring the possibilities of using CC, but little is known about the CC impacts on soil moisture, plant available nitrogen (N) and competition with weeds in this region. A collaborative study with two dryland organic WW producers was launched in 2020. FARM 1 was planted to a CC mi... E. Moore, U. Norton |
17. Advancing Precision Nitrogen Management in Agriculture: a Multifaceted ApproachAdvancing precision nitrogen management in agriculture involves achieving a balance between maximizing crop yield and minimizing environmental impact. Traditional nitrogen management approaches often lead to inefficiencies, contributing to environmental issues such as nitrous oxide emissions and nitrogen runoff. Significant challenges persist in quantifying factors influencing nitrogen dynamics in the soil-plant-atmosphere system, including landscape positions, soil properties, weather patter... W. Guo, R. Karn, K. Lewis |
18. Effect of Extractant pH on Exchangeable Cation Determination Using Ammonium Acetate and Mehlich-3Neutral pH ammonium acetate (1N NH4OAC, pH 7.0) is a standard soil test extractant for exchangeable cation concentrations. However, the concentrations may be artificially inflated for alkaline soils, especially those that are highly calcareous. The same effect potentially occurs with the Mehlich-3 extractant (Meh3, pH 2.5). The objective of this study was to determine the effect of pH on exchangeable base cation soil test concentrations. Soil samples from the High Plains region were ran... F. Vocasek, B. Hopkins |
19. Experience with Using the Sikora-2 Soil/buffer pH Method in the Great PlainsThe acreage of acidic soils in the Great Plains continues to increase from long-term cropping and fertilizer nitrogen use. Acidic soils developed initially in dryland fields and/or in areas dominated by sandy soils, but are now relatively common in irrigated systems and finer-textured soils. A typical method used in the Great Plains states had been to determine soil pH in a 1:1 soil:water slurry and, when required, to determine exchangeable acidity using the SMP buffer solution. The buffer pH... F. Vocasek, S. Harrold |
20. Comparative Analysis of Resource Partitioning and Nutrient Uptake Efficiencies in Modern Cotton CultivarsUnderstanding the complex process of resource partitioning within the plant provides prospects to develop new crop improvement strategies for varying environmental factors and agronomic practices. In upland cotton, the partitioning of dry matter is as crucially important as that of macronutrients and micronutrients in improving productivity. This presentation highlights research works pertaining to the changes in macronutrient and micronutrient uptake and partitioning alongside the remar... I. Pabuayon, K. Lewis, G. Ritchie |
21. Side-dress Applied ESN Reduces N2O Compared with Single Urea Application for Irrigated CornEnhanced efficiency fertilizer (poly coated urea, may reduce soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions while maintaining or increasing crop yields. However, further increases in N fertilizer efficiency may be attainable with a starter fertilizer application followed by side-dressed EEF. We monitored soil N2O using surface chambers from three N treatments [202 kg N ha-1 single application of urea, 34 kg N ha-1 starter urea combined with 168 kg N... S. Del grosso, J. Delgado, C.E. Stewart |
22. Shining Light on Novel Pathways for Potassium Fixation in SoilCotton has a high demand for potassium, and potassium significantly affects both cotton yield and fiber quality. Thus, bioavailability of potassium from the soil is paramount. Bioavailability and leaching of potassium to crops and from soils has been studied since the 1940s. However, problems that confronted agronomists in the 1980s continue to impact growers and crop production, including unpredictable potassium bioavailability and inconsistent plant response to fertilizer application under ... M. Siebecker, K. Coyle, T. Pham, I. Saldana haworth, E. Schmidt, A. Sharma, K. Lewis |
23. Implications of Nutrient and pH Stratification in No-tillStratification of non-mobile nutrients in no-till is not a surprising result. However, this presentation will share the findings of soil sampling a series of long-term NPK fertility studies which have been in no-till production for more than ten years. This data set includes a non-treated check. Beyond stratification of nutrients we found significant stratification of OM, soil acidity, and Al3+. The impacts of stratification in a production system will be discussed along with potential proble... B. Arnall, R. Sharry |
24. Recent 2-Row Malting Barley Nitrogen Rate Revision for North DakotaAs the demand of two-row malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) increases, having sound nitrogen (N) recommendations is increasingly necessary. Not only does N play a role in grain yield, but it may also significantly impact grain malting characteristics including protein, plump, and test weight. To determine the impacts N rate and N availability have on two-row malting barley, two experimental sites were established in both Spring 2020 and 2021. The experiments were organized as a rand... D. Franzen, B. Goettl |
25. Advancements in Nitrogen and Potassium Fertilizer Recommendations in North Dakota Over the Past 30 YearsBeginning my career at NDSU as Extension Soil Specialist June 13, 1994, I inherited the obligation of periodically revisiting crop nutrient recommendations and determining whether adjustments were needed. The state of the state in 1994 was composite soil sampling, a dominantly wheat-based cropping system, and yield-goal-based fertilizer recommendations. First addressing site-specific soil sampling, I was surprised to find that zone soil sampling was an excellent predictor of residual nitrate ... D. Franzen |
26. Accounting for Nitrogen from Often Overlooked SourcesImproving nitrogen use efficiency has long been a goal of both researchers and producers. With increasing interest and adoption of regenerative agricultural practices, fertility strategies can change from traditional methods. However, changes in strategies are often not considered when adopting new practices. The goal of this presentation is to discuss potential sources of nitrogen that are often overlooked when developing nitrogen management strategies. For example, legume cover crops or rot... P. Delaune |
27. Impact of Tillage, Cover Cropping and Nitrogen Timing on Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics in Texas Southern High Plains CottonCover cropping and no tillage are the most common conversation practices in the Texas Southern High Plains (TSHP) region. However, less than a quarter of cultivated acres in the region utilize these practices. Concerns over cover crop nutrient and water use, yield decline and increased cost are common barriers to adoption for TSHP producers, despite potential benefits such as reduced wind erosion and increased soil organic matter. For these conservation practices to be successful, adjustments... N. Boogades, K. Lewis, M. Mcdonald |
28. Soil N Crediting for Texas Wheat ProductionThe objectives of this research effort were to assess soil N crediting depth and yield-based N fertilizer recommendations across wheat producing regions of Texas. Trials were coordinated among six different regions in 2017, 2018, and/or 2019 for a cumulative 10 site-years (not all sites were represented in all years). Treatments comprised a 6 × 4 factorial with six yield-based N rates (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 lbs N per target bushel) and four N crediting depths (0, 0-6”, 0-12&r... R. Noland |
29. Comparison of Annual and Multi-year N-based and P-based Manure ApplicationsThis 4-yr study (2000-2003) compares beef manure application strategies in their impact on soil and plant nutrient concentrations and nutrient runoff and leaching. The treatments were a fertilizer control, annual N-based manure application, N-based applied every other year, annual P-based, P-based applied every other year, and P-based applied once every four years. By the third year of the study, soil test P levels in the soil surface reflected the amount of P2O5applied ... J. Davis, C. Truman, K. Iversen, K. Doesken |