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1. Soil Quality and Nitrogen Availability After Eight Years of a Mixed Cover Crop - Wheat RotationDespite a large interest in cover crops in the northern Great Plains, little is known about their effect on both the following wheat crop and soil quality. In 2012, a cover crop study was started in Montana to compare wheat production and soil quality after growing cover crop mixes containing 2-, 6-, or 8-species, with both summer fallow and a sole pea cover crop control, in a 2-yr rotation with wheat. The 2-species mixes represented functional groups (legumes, brassicas, tap rooted, or fibrous... C. Jones, P. Miller, C. Zabinski, K. D'agati |
2. Fall and Spring Soil Residual Nitrate-n As Affected by Irrigation and Nitrogen ManagementNitrogen credit from residual nitrate-N from soil samples collected in spring is widely considered and accounted for in managing N in crop production. That is important from both economic and environmental perspectives. However, there is no incentives for farmers to determine post-harvest soil residual nitrate-N in fall. It is important to note that any difference in fall and spring soil residual nitrate-N would suggest environmental N losses via denitrification or leaching in that fallow period.... B. Maharjan, X. Qiao |
3. Nitrogen Managememt in Dryland Winter Wheat to Improve Grain Yield and ProteinMaximizing the yield along with adequate protein content in winter wheat is an emerging challenge for dryland wheat producers. Proper nitrogen (N) management with optimization of fertilizer application rate and timing might be a potential strategy to improve grain yield and protein. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of different N rates and application timing on grain yield and protein content of hard red winter wheat in Nebraska. Field study was carried out at four locations... D. Ghimire, B. Maharjan |
4. Does Coal Char Reduce Ammonia Volatilization by Slowing Urea Hydrolysis in Soil?Ammonia volatilization due to urea hydrolysis begins immediately after N fertilizer applied in soil and continues up to two weeks. This process might adversely affect N availability in soil/ plant systems and reduce soil fertility and crop yields, as well as bring the negative impact in environment. Char, incomplete burning of coal combustion residue which contains up to 30% total C by weight, is hypothesized to reduce N losses from ammonia volatilization. A 21-day laboratory study was conducted... D. Panday, B. Maharjan |
5. Nitrogen Response of 2-Row Barley in North DakotaIn about 2019, the major malting barley buyers moved from 6-row barley cultivars to 2-row barley cultivars. The N response of 6-row barley was well-established, however, little local data regarding 2-row cultivar N response was available. A 2-year study was conducted in North Dakota on two sites, using two cultivars at each site. Rates of N from 0 to 160 pounds N per acre were imposed on each cultivar. One site was in a long-term (30+ years) no-till system, while the other site was in a transitional... A. Wick, D. Franzen, B. Goettl |
6. Post-Wheat Summer Cover Crop Effects Crop Yields and Soil Properties in a No-till Dryland Cropping SystemTraditional dryland cropping systems in the semi-arid Great Plains include long fallow periods of up to 14 months to conserve soil moisture. However, such systems are inefficient even under continuous no-till (NT) management. As less water is necessary to produce forage compared to grain, cover crops (CCs) may be successfully integrated into dryland crop rotations for increased soil cover and potentially greater income when hayed or grazed as annual forages. One study was initiated in 2016 near... L.M. Simon, A.K. Obour, J.D. Holman, M.E. Schipanski, S.K. Johnson, K.L. Roozeboom |
7. Lentil Nitrogen Fixation Response to Fertilizer and Inoculant in the Northern Great PlainsLentil production in the semi-arid northern Great Plains has increased dramatically over the past two decades, providing agroecosystem benefits of efficient water use, pest cycle disruption, and biological nitrogen (N) fixation. Through N fixation, lentil may help alleviate soil acidification and groundwater contamination by reducing N fertilizer needs. Despite widespread farmer adoption of lentil in the region, little is known about the benefits of fertilizer or inoculant type concerning N fixation.... K. Baber, C. Jones, P. Miller, S. Koeshall |
8. Dramatic Soil Health Changes After 18 Years of Different Nitrogen Rates and Cropping Systems in the Northern Great PlainsRelatively few long-term cropping and nitrogen rates studies have been conducted in the semi-arid northern Great Plains that assess soil health changes. A cropping system study was initiated in 2002 in Bozeman, Montana (~400 mm annual precipitation) with wheat grown in even years, and either tilled fallow or one of the following no-till systems in odd years: fallow, wheat, pea grain, pea hay, pea green manure, and an alfalfa-grass (until 2012) followed by pea grain. N was applied at either 50%... C. Jones, P. Miller, C. Zabinski, W. Fouts |
9. Lentil Inoculant, Potassium, Sulfur, and Micronutrient Effects on Yield and Protein in the Northern Great PlainsLentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) is an important crop, averaging more than 600,000 ac in MT and ND from 2016-20. However, relatively little is known about inoculant and fertility response in lentil in the U.S. northern Great Plains. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of rhizobial inoculant formulations (granular and seed-coat) and nutrient additions (K, S, and micronutrients), on lentil growth, yield, and seed protein. This study was conducted at six or seven university... P. Miller, C. Jones, S. Atencio, C. Chen, E. Eriksmoen, S. Fordyce, P. Lamb, M. Ostlie, J. Rickertsen, M.A. Grusak, M. Bourgault, B. Franck, P. Carr, S. Koeshall, K. Baber |
10. Sugarbeet Yield Response and Nitrate Leaching As Influenced by Nitrogen Management in Semi-arid ClimateFertilizer nitrogen (N) in irrigated sugarbeet production needs to be optimized to simultaneously increase yield and reduce nitrate leaching. In addition to adjusting N rate and application timing, there are available fertilizer technologies such as controlled- or slow-release N which may be beneficial for beet yield and reducing potential nitrate leaching. However, there are limited studies assessing the effectiveness of such fertilizers for sugarbeet in a semi-arid climate. The two-year experiment... D. Ghimire, B. Maharjan |
11. Effects of Fertilizer Nitrogen Management on Biomass, Oil, and Nitrous Oxide Emissions in Peppermint in Nebraska PanhandlePeppermint (Mentha pipperita) is an aromatic perennial herb that contains aromatic oil, primarily menthol. Irrigated peppermint production requires large nitrogen (N) input, which is often higher than for irrigated corn. Therefore, if not managed properly, mint production has a high potential for N losses, including nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. Nitrous oxide is a major greenhouse gas and the most important ozone-depleting emission. Increasing N2O emissions from... B. Maharjan, S. Desilva |
12. Dual-purpose Cover Crop and Occasional Tillage Effects on Crop Yields and Soil Properties in a No-tillage Wheat-sorghum-fallow RotationReplacing fallow with dual-purpose cover crops (CCs) could enhance soil health and increase cropping system profitability when CCs are grazed or hayed. Grazing and/or haying CCs can provide an economic benefit to offset potential lost revenue when grain crop yields are decreased after CCs in dry years. However, producers are concerned about the potential for root-limiting soil compaction following grazing on no-till (NT) fields, which could limit subsequent grain crop yields and require tillage... L. Simon, A. Obour, J. Holman, S.K. Johnson, K. Roozeboom |
13. Lime Management in the Semi-arid Regions of the USSoil acidity is increasing in the semi-arid regions of the US; however, questions exist about the efficacy of different liming products to raise soil pH and how long the lime benefits last. Therefore, we conducted two studies: 1) To monitor the efficacy of three liming products: sugarbeet lime (tilled and non-tilled), prilled lime (seed-placed), and aglime (tilled) to improve soil pH and crop yields at two sites in Montana and 2) To evaluate how different sugarbeet lime rates perform to mitigate... M. Rakkar, C. Jones, P. Miller, K. Mcvay, R. Engel |
14. Recent 2-Row Malting Barley Nitrogen Rate Revision for North DakotaAs the demand of two-row malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) increases, having sound nitrogen (N) recommendations is increasingly necessary. Not only does N play a role in grain yield, but it may also significantly impact grain malting characteristics including protein, plump, and test weight. To determine the impacts N rate and N availability have on two-row malting barley, two experimental sites were established in both Spring 2020 and 2021. The experiments were organized as a randomized... D. Franzen, B. Goettl |