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1. Assessment of Long-term Effects of Tillage and Nitrogen Management Practices on Irrigated Corn Yields and Nitrogen Use EfficienciesCorn grain yields and crop nitrogen uptake are affected by management factors such as tillage intensity and nitrogen rates. Additional data about the long-term effects of tillage and nitrogen rates on yields and nitrogen use efficiencies of irrigated corn are needed. We are presenting preliminary results from a 17-year study about the effects of these management practices on irrigated corn yields and nitrogen uptake in a Fort Collins clay loam soil at Colorado State University’s Agricultural... J.A. Delgado, A. Halvorson, A. Villacis-aveiga, S. Del grosso, C. Stewart, D. Manter, J. Alwang, B. Floyd, R. D'adamo, G. Miner |
2. Observational and Modeling Methods to Inform Ecosystem Service MarketsInterest in quantifying the impacts of land management on ecosystem services has grown as governments, environmental organizations, and corporations have pledged to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, nutrient leaching, and other environmental impacts of human activities. Ecosystem service markets were formalized in the 1990s and originally deployed to mitigate point sources of air and water pollution. Associated protocols were fairly simple and easy to implement because quantification of point sources... S.J. Del grosso, J. Delgado, D. Manter, C. Stewart, M. Vigil |
3. Nitrogen Fertilization and Long-term No-tillage Impacts on Soil Properties and Deep Soil C Storage Under IrrigationThe net soil greenhouse gas mitigation potential of conservation agricultural management practices is strongly influenced by the direction and magnitude of soil organic C (SOC) change in deep soil layers (>6”). Deep SOC is typically old, highly processed, and consists of microbial products and root exudates associated with clay and other minerals. However, it can be susceptible to decomposition and priming from the addition of new, labile organic C. We examined long-term soil C dynamics... C. Stewart, D. Manter, J. Delgado, S. Del grosso, F. Calderon, K. Heckman, K. Snell |
4. Long-term Crop Rotation Diversity Effects on Soil C and NThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of nitrogen (N) fertilizer level and crop rotation diversity on soil organic carbon (SOC) and N stocks from a 34-yr study located in eastern Nebraska. Seven crop rotations (three continuous cropping systems; two 2-yr crop rotations, and two 4-yr crop rotations) and three N levels were compared. Soil samples were taken to a depth of 60-inches. Differences in SOC stocks were largely confined to the 0 to 3-inch depth with greater SOC (P =... M. Schmer, V. Jin, B. Wienhold, G. Varvel |
5. Effects of Residue Placement on Co2 Loss in an Irrigated, No-till Corn SystemIt is well known that residue management practices that leave crop residue on the surface, such as no-till agriculture, promote soil fertility. However, the effects of such practices on carbon sequestration can be highly variable. To better understand how residue management impacts the loss of carbon through mineralization, we investigated the effects of residue location and addition on CO2 produced from residue decomposition under no-till irrigated continuous corn in Northern Colorado. Over... H. Oleszak, F. Cotrufo, S. Leichty, C. Stewart |
6. In-furrow Placement of Dry Urea Prodcuts with Winter WheatPrevious research has shown that the application of some nitrogen fertilizer prior to or at the time of wheat seeding can positively affect the initiation of fall tillers and thus yield potential. However, there are logistical challenges in placing that nitrogen in no-till production systems. Traditionally, the placement of urea-based fertilizers in-furrow with wheat seed has not been recommended. The objectives of this project were to evaluate stand reduction and associated... L. Haag, A. Schlegel, D. Ruiz diaz |
7. Mixing Wheat Seed with Fertilizer in the Drill: Seedling Injury and Wheat ResponseMixing dry phosphorus fertilizer with winter wheat seed is common in Kansas to provide a starter fertilizer benefit to the crop. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of dry phosphorus (P) sources, rates and times fertilizer mixed with wheat seed, effects on early growth and overall productivity and yield of the crop. Two winter wheat studies were conducted in the 2018-2019 wheat growing season at Manhattan (Site 1) and Topeka (site 2) in Northeast Kansas. The previous crop for site... C. Weber, D. Ruiz diaz |
8. Soil Phosphorus Fractions After Long-term Fertilizer Placement in Different Kansas SoilsPhosphorus fertilizer placement can affect the long-term dynamics and forms of P, and the overall soil P pools. These changes can vary by soil type, and affect P uptake and use efficiency by crops. The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes in the labile P fractions in three Kansas soil under P fertilizer placements (broadcast versus deep band) after 10 years of crop rotation. Three field studies were conducted for 10 years from 2006 to 2015 in three different soils... M. Arruda, D. Ruiz diaz |
9. Evaluation of Cation Exchange Resin As Indicator of In-season Potassium Supply to SoybeanThe use of ion-exchange resins to measure soil nutrient availability has potential applications for fertilizer recommendations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between potassium (K) adsorption by cation exchange resins (CER) and K uptake by soybean (Glycine max) in field conditions. The study was conducted at two locations in Kansas during 2019. Two treatments were selected to evaluate the CER. Treatments included a check (0 lbs K2O acre-1) and a high K rate... D. Charbonnier, D. Ruiz diaz |
10. Investigating Relationships Between Haney H3a-4 and Conventional Soil Tests for Plant Nutrients in Kansas SoilsUse of a soil test to determine fertilizer application rates requires correlation and calibration to crop yield response and/or total nutrient uptake. The Haney H3A soil test procedure has gained popularity in recent years for soil health evaluation and has been used in some circles to adjust fertilizer management practices. However, data relating this test to current soil fertility tests, relative crop yield, or total nutrient uptake are nonexistent in Kansas soils. The objective of this study... B. Rutter, D. Ruiz diaz |
11. Sulfur Uptake and Yield Response in Corn As Affected by Fertilizer Source and RateWith sulfur deficiencies being found throughout Kansas, the evaluation of sulfur fertilization and plant uptake are vital to optimize corn production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of application rates of sulfur on yield and uptake in corn. Nutrient concentrations in corn, biomass, and grain were evaluated at the Kansas River Valley Experiment Field at Rossville, Kansas in 2019. Five treatments were evaluated, including a control... T. Husa, D. Ruiz diaz |
12. Evaluation of Soil Test Phosphorus Extractants and Tissue Analysis for Corn in KansasPhosphorus (P) is a critical nutrient for corn (Zea mays L.) productivity. Determining an appropriate concentration of soil test phosphorus (STP) and P tissue concentrations is a fundamental step needed to make accurate phosphorus management decisions. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship of four different STP methods (Mehlich 3, Bray 1, Bray 2, and H3A) for corn production and determine critical P tissue concentration at different growing stages. The study... G. Roa, D. Ruiz diaz |
13. Effects of Phosphorus and Potassium Application Timing on a Wheat Double Crop Soybean SystemThe wheat-double crop soybean system is a popular choice for Oklahoma producers, as it allows for two crops in one year, and therefore, more revenue in less time. With favorable conditions and proper management, double crop soybeans are yielding as well as full season soybeans. Weather pattern shifts over the last few years have raised the question for growers if they should invest more into the summer double crop, as there is growing potential for profit. While attempting... H. Lovewell, B. Finch, R. Sharry , M. Smith, J. Souza, B. Arnall |
14. Soil Carbon and Agroecosystem Benefits of Conservation Management and Perennial Bioenergy Crop ProductionConservation agricultural management practices and perennial bioenergy crops can increase soil organic C (SOC) stocks on marginal soils yet the time necessary to observe these benefits, as well as the upper limit of C storage isn’t known. Co-benefits often associated with SOC accumulation are positive effects on water and nutrient retention, soil microbial biomass and diversity and soil structure, resulting in better soil quality. However, interactions between nitrogen fertilizer, crop biochemistry,... C.E. Stewart, V.L. Jin, M.R. Schmer, R.B. Mitchell, C. Williams, G.L. Miner |
15. Adjusting N Rate is the First Step in N Management IntensificationNitrogen (N) management and sowing date are among the leading causes for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield gap in Kansas. This research aimed to compare the two most common cropping sequences in Kansas (continuous wheat [Ct-Wt] and double-cropping of winter wheat and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) [Wt-Sy]) under two N management (standard and progressive) on wheat production. Standard N management consisted of one single broadcast N application as UAN at 80 lbs ac-1 at... L. Simao, R. Lollato, D. Ruiz diaz |
16. Nitrogen and Sulfur Colimitation to Winter Wheat YieldSulfur has become more limiting for wheat production in the Great Plains, and its deficiency can interact with N availability. The current work reports on yield and yield gaps of three winter wheat varieties as affected by N and S fertilization using the concept of co-limitation (CNS). Field studies evaluating 0, 10, 20 and 40 lbs S/a combined factorials with 50, 100, and 150 lbs N/ac and three hard red winter wheat varieties were conducted in eight environments resulting from the... R. Lollato, B.R. Jaenich, N. Nelson, M. Guttieri, D. Ruiz diaz, V. Sadras |
17. In-season Changes of Soil Mineral Nitrogen with Nitrogen Fertilizer and Nitrification Inhibitor in CornUnderstanding the role that soil mineral nitrogen (SMN) plays in the growth and productivity of corn is crucial. Nitrogen (N) demands vary during the growing season, and maintaining a sufficient amount of N in the form of ammonium (NH4+), or nitrate (NO3-) during the peak times of plant N uptake can help support high yields. The objective of this study was to assess changes and the supply of soil mineral nitrogen during the growing season in corn under field conditions in Kansas. This study was... P. Morinigo, D. Ruiz diaz |
18. Soil Test Methods and Tissue Analysis to Assess Winter Wheat Response to Sulfur Fertilizer SourcesIdentifying how winter wheat responds to sulfur (S) fertilization through the use of soil test S (STS) methods has been a challenge across Kansas soils. The objective of this study was to evaluate soil test extraction methods for S as well as plant S nutritional status using different S fertilizer sources and rates. Sulfur response trials were established at 24 Kansas locations during two years (2019 and 2020). Fertilizer rate treatments included a control with... D. Ruiz diaz, C. Weber |
19. Evaluation of Mehlich-3 for Determination of Cation Exchange Capacity in Kansas SoilsSoil testing laboratories across the United States have implemented the Mehlich-3 (M3) extraction method for phosphorus (P) and other nutrients. Though M3 is known to work well as a multinutrient extractant, it raises concerns for measuring exchangeable cations, particularly in calcareous soils. The objectives of this study were (a) to evaluate M3 as an extractant for base cations for Kansas soils, (b) to identify a range of soil pH where M3 may be a suitable replacement for ammonium acetate... B. Rutter, D. Ruiz diaz |
20. Soil Microbes Are Critical to Maintaining Soil Fertility in the Great PlainsSoil in the Great Plains is known to be susceptible to wind and water erosion due to moisture deficits throughout the region that limit soil organic matter (SOM) accumulation that helps form stable soil structure. Conservation management practices like reduced tillage are emphasized to maintain SOM that provides habitat for soil microbes to perform ecosystem services related to nutrient cycling and soil aggregation to increase resistance to erosion and maintain fertile topsoil. Soils under long-term... W. Roper, V. Acosta-martinez, J. Moore, M. Mikha, D.K. Manter, C.E. Stewart, R.M. Lehman, M.A. Liebig, V.L. Jin |
21. Cover Crop Termination Timing Effects on Soil and Cotton Nutrient AvailabilityCover crop termination timings can have large impacts on the amount of soil coverage, nutrient availability, and stored soil moisture in a system. Producers in semi-arid regions must gamble the possibility of increased soil infiltration and reduced soil water evaporation against the potential of decreased soil moisture; in the SHP, success is dependent on irrigation capacity and precipitation. Optimizing termination timings for semi-arid regions and in deficit-irrigation/dryland systems is critical... C. Cobos, G. Baath, J. Burke, S. Chatterjee, P. Delaune, K. Lewis |
22. Sustainable and Resilient Cropping Systems to Mitigate Wind Erosion for the Enhancement of Human HealthIn the Texas High Plains, regenerative cropping practices in a predominantly conventional farming area can be used to prevent further depletion of topsoil by wind erosion. This loss of topsoil can cause a decrease in agricultural productivity and form dust storms that can be detrimental to human health causing a rise in hospitalizations of chronic lung damage, cardiovascular disorders, and diseases contracted by inhalation. Using regenerative farming practices, both the number and size of dust... K. Lewis, R. Babcock, J. Burke, C. Cobos |